3.1 Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
(39 cards)
First line of defense
Outer/Mechanical Barriers
Second line of defense
Inflammatory process + innate immune response
Third line of defense
IMMUNITY
What are the 2 purposes of immunity?
- To defend the body against invasion/infection by antigens
- To patrol for/destroy abnormal or damaged cells
What happens when an INAPPROPRIATE IMMUNE RESPONSE occurs?
Disease + disorder
What are the components of adaptive immunity?
White Blood Cells from lymphoid line
- T cells/lymphocytes
- B cells/lymphocytes
What are the 2 types of T cells
white blood cells, adaptive immunity
- cytotoxic
- helper
What is a type of B cell
white blood cell, humoral immunity, secrete antibodies
- plasma cells = antibody production
What type of immune response is our adaptive immune response
- SPECIFIC immune response
- important that body recognize foreign/abnormal cells
What does the body use to recognize our self cells?
Human Leukocyte Antigen Proteins (HLA)
- immune system ignores own cells
- recognizes antigens, bacteria, microorganisms
What is a special feature of adaptive immunity in encountering an antigen
Memory cells produced to respond quickly to antigens another time
What are the 2 types of adaptive immunity?
- Cell mediated
- Humoral
Def. Cell Mediated
- Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CD8 cells)
- helper T Lymphocytes (Th1+2)
- help defends/destroy against viruses
- (since they invade self cells +; damage its DNA)
- body needs to recognize self cells that are abnormal
- generate memory cells
Def. Humoral Immunity
- B Lymphocytes develop into plasma cells
- which secrete Antibodies
(IgA, D, E, G, M) who attack non self cells/antigens - generate memory cells
Def. Antigens
- foreign substances
Def. Antibodies
- released by B plasma cells
- recognize and defend against antigens
Where are HLA’s located?
On Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Molecules
What are Class I MHC molecules?
- found on all cells w/ nucleus
- presented outside cell
- used as recognition system for self cells
- what helps prevent immune system attack SELF cells
What happens when nucleated cells become invaded w/ virus or become cancerous?
Class I MHC molecules alter
- body begins to attack altered MHC cells + destroys them
What are Class II MHC molecules?
- Restricted to immune cells
- antigen presenting cells
- B cells
- macrophages (phagocytes)
- once they engulf antigens, fragments of Class II MHC are put onto their surface
- immune system recognises them, + mounts an attack upon the cells that engulfed the antigens
What are the main antibodies
- IgA
- IgD
- IgG
- IgE
- IgM
IgG
- most common (75-80%)
- smallest
- easily escapes bloodstream into interstitial fluid
- antiviral, antitoxin, antibacterial
IgM
- 10% of circulating immunoglobulins
- found in intravascular pool, cannot penetrate capillary wall
- when we FIRST COME IN CONTACT w/ antigens = INITIAL RESPONSE
- Found on B-cell surfaces
- Activates complement system
IgA
- produced by plasma cells located in skin/mucous tissue
- found in saliva, tears, tracheobronchial secretions, GI tract
- prevents organisms from entering the body
- attacks them before they enter
- can be passed onto offspring via breast milk
