3.1 - ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Phylum
A
Nemathelminthes
2
Q
Class
A
Nematoda
3
Q
3 types of musculature of nematodes
A
- polymyarian
- meromyarian
- holomyarian
4
Q
more than five rows of cells
A
polymyarian
5
Q
between two to five rows of cells
A
meromyarian
6
Q
less than two rows of cells
A
holomyarian
7
Q
Intestinal Species (7)
A
- Ascaris lumbricoides
- Trichuris trichiura
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Capillaria philippinensis
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Necator americanus
- Strongyloides stercoralis
8
Q
Tissue Species (2)
Blood Species (4)
A
- Trichinella spiralis
- Dracunculus medinensis
Blood Species:
- Wuchereria bancrofti
- Brugia malayi
- Onchocerca volvulus
- Loa loa
9
Q
Animal Species
A
- Ancylostoma caninum
- Ancylostoma braziliense
- Toxocara cati
- Toxocara canis
10
Q
- nonsegmented, cylindrical, symmetrical
- cuticle - protective covering
- complete digestive tract
- dioecious - separate sexes
- chemoreceptors
A
General Morphology of Nematodes
11
Q
chemoreceptors
A
- amphid
- aphasmid
- phasmid
12
Q
amphid
A
with head/cephalic
13
Q
aphasmid
A
absence of phasmid (tail)
14
Q
phasmid
A
with tail/caudal
15
Q
all nematodes have ?
A
amphids
16
Q
all nematodes have phasmids except: (they have ?)
A
- Trichuris trichiura
- Capillaria philippinensis
- Trichinella spiralis
stichocytes (secretory cells)
17
Q
all nematodes inhabit the small intestine except: (what do they inhabit?)
A
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Trichuris trichiura
large intestine
18
Q
life cycle of nematodes
A
eggs
- unfertilized
- fertilized
- embryonated –> infective stage
larva
- rhabditiform
- filariform (3rd larval stage, infective stage, L3)
adult –> most mature stage
19
Q
MOT: ingestion
through eggs
A
Ascaris, Trichuris, Enterobius
20
Q
MOT: ingestion
through larva
A
Capillaria, Angiostrongylus, Trichinella
21
Q
MOT: skin penetration
A
Hookworms, Strongyloides
22
Q
MOT: inhalation
A
Enterobius vermicularis
23
Q
MOT: transmammary
A
S. stercoralis, A. duodenale
24
Q
MOT: vectors
A
filarial worms
25
# common names
Ascaris lumbricoides
giant intestinal round worm
26
# common names
Enterobius vermicularis
pin worm, seat worm, society worm
27
# common names
Trichuris trichiura
human whip worm
28
# common names
Capillaria philippinensis
pudoc worm
29
# common names
Ancylostoma duodenale
old world hookworm
30
# common names
Necator americanus
new world hookworm/American murderer
31
# common names
Strongyloides stercoralis
Threadworm
32
# common names
Ancylostoma caninum
dog hookworm
33
# common names
Ancylostoma braziliense
cat hookworm
34
# common names
Ancylostoma ceylanicum
civet cat found in Ceylon Sri Lanka
35
- largest intestinal roundworm
- soil transmitted helminth
Ascaris lumbricoides
36
definitive host of A. lumbricoides
man
37
habitat of A. lumbricoides
small intestine
38
MOT of A. lumbricoides
ingestion of eggs
39
infective stage of A. lumbricoides
embryonated egg
40
diagnostic stage of A. lumbricoides
egg and adult worm
41
- creamy-white to pink in color
- oviparous (unembryonated eggs)
- spicules (copulatory organs)
general morphology of A. lumbricoides
42
unique diagnostic feature of A. lumbricoides
trilobate lips
43
- 20-35 cm in length
- pointed or straight tail
- oviparous (200,000 eggs per day)
female adult A. lumbricoides
44
- <30cm length
- curved tail, bent or coiled
- spicules
male adult A. lumbricoides
45
- 88um to 94um by 39 to 44um
- Longer, Narrower
- More oval or oblong in shape
- **Thin Egg Shell**
- **Irregular mammilated** coating with refractile granules
- Outer layer of the unfertilized egg
- will never mature
- sign that female adults are inside
unfertilized eggs
46
* 45 to 70um by 35 to 50um
* Coarsely mammillated albuminous covering
* Thick outer layer as supporting structure
* Delicate vitelline, lipoidal inner membrane
* Underneath the thick mammilated albuminous covering
* more defined
* capable of embryonation
fertilized eggs
47
outer layer of fertilized egg
coarsely mammillated albuminous covering
48
middle layer of fertilized egg
glycogen layer
49
inner layer of fertilized egg
lipoidal inner membrane
50
- infective mature stage
- needs soil to be ?
- contains the larvae
- can be corticated or decorticated
embryonated eggs
51
thick outer shell
corticated
52
lost the mammillated covering
decorticated
53
it takes ? for fertilized eggs to become embryonated and to be infective
2-3 weeks
54
life cycle of ascaris
1. mouth
2. small intestine
3. lymphatic vessel
4. lungs
5. throat
6. cough
7. swallow
8. small intestine
9. adult
10. mate
11. feces
12. soil
13. embryonate
55
the female ascaris lays ? eggs per day
200,000
56
- ascariasis
- Loffler syndrome
- bowel obstruction with fever and malaise
- intestinal perforation and migration
- occlusion of appendix
- lactose maldigestion
pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
57
Ascaris infection
Ascariasis
58
- pneumonitis
- Disease manifested during lung migration
- Bilateral diffuse, mottled pulmonary infiltrates and mild bronchitis associated with peripheral eosinophilia
Loffler Syndrome
59
Virulence Factors
- Pepsin inhibitor 3 (PI-3)
- Phosphorylcholine
60
- Pepsin: enzyme produced by the parietal cells of the stomach that aids in protein or food digestion
- Protects worm from digestion
- Safely pass through the stomach and lodge into the small intestine
- Evade the juices of digestive tract
Pepsin Inhibitor 3 (PI-3)
61
Suppresses lymphocyte proliferation
Phosphorylcholine
62
diagnosis
- DFS
- kato thick smear
- concentration test
63
extraintestinal organs affected by ascaris
liver, gallbladder, pancreas, bile ducts,
64
- An estimated 807 million-1.3 billion people in the world
- Poor personal hygiene, poor sanitation, and in places where human feces are used as fertilizer
epidemiology
65
treatment
drug of choice: albendazole
66
related to Ascaris lumbricoides
Ascaris suum
67
common name of Ascaris suum
pig roundworm
68
Ascaris suum is high risk for people who?
raise pigs or use raw pig manure as fertilizer
