3.4 - CAPILLARIA PHILIPPINENSIS

Question 1

natural host

Answer 1

migratory fish-eating birds

Question 2

intermediate host

Answer 2

brackish/fresh water fish

Question 3

final/accidental host

Answer 3

man

Question 4

habitat

Answer 4

small intestine

Question 5

MOT

Answer 5

ingestion of larva (from raw fish)

Question 6

infective stage

Answer 6

larval stage (in fish)

Question 7

diagnostic stage

Answer 7

egg

Question 8

The first case of Capillaria philippinensis was discovered in ?, hence the name of the species.

Answer 8

Ilocos Norte in 1963

Question 9

produce eggs that hatch outside the body of the mother; lay undeveloped eggs

Answer 9

Oviparous

Question 10

produce eggs that hatch within the mother; produce embryonated eggs

Answer 10

Ovoviviparous

Question 11

immediately bears larvae

Answer 11

Larviparous

Question 12

• Secretory cells
• Found along the esophagus of the parasite

Answer 12

Stichocytes

Question 13

• Entire esophageal structure with stichocytes
• A collection of stichocytes

Answer 13

Stichosome

Question 14

2 modes of reproduction

Answer 14

• typical
• atypical

Question 15

mode of reproduction: oviparous

Answer 15

Typical

Question 16

mode of reproduction: ovoviviparous, larviparous

Answer 16

Atypical

Question 17

• 1.5-3.9 mm
• spicule: 230-300 um
• unspined sheath

Answer 17

male adult

Question 18

• 2.3-5.3 mm
• can be either oviparous, ovoviviparous, larviparous

Answer 18

female

Question 19

egg shape

Answer 19

peanut or guitar shaped

Question 20

unique diagnostic characteristic of eggs

Answer 20

• thick radially striated cells
• flattened bipolar mucus plugs
• 36 to 45um by 20 um

Question 21

stage of the parasite in the infected fish; infective stage of Capillaria philippinensis in man

Answer 21

L3 Filariform larva

Question 22

life cycle

Answer 22

1. ingestion of raw infected fish
2. small intestine
3. larva to adult
4. copulation
5. lay eggs
6. if unembryonated - passed to stool; new cycle of infection
7. if embryonated - autoinfection -> hyperinfection

Question 23

Infective stage in intermediate host:

Answer 23

embryonated egg

Question 24

Infective stage in final host:

Answer 24

larva lodged into the intestine
or the mean of undercooked or raw fish

Question 25

fish that has higher parasitic yield

Answer 25

Bagsit (Hypseleotris bipartita)

Question 26

intestinal capillariasis

Answer 26

mystery disease or Pudoc disease

Question 27

chronic diarrhea

Answer 27

8-10 voluminous stool per day

Question 28

gurgling stomach

Answer 28

Borborygmus

Question 29

- severe diarrhea - electrolyte imbalance

Answer 29

chronic diarrhea

Question 30

other clinical manifestations

Answer 30

- abdominal pain - protein-losing enteropathy - hypoalbuminemia - intestianal malabsorption - hypoproteinemia

Question 31

diagnostic tests

Answer 31

- DFS - kato thick - concentration test - ELISA

Question 32

- detects coproantigen - disadvantage: cross reaction with Trichinella spiralis antigen

Answer 32

ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)

Question 33

- First recorded in the Philippines - Endemic in the Philippines and Thailand - Mystery disease - Compostela Valley

Answer 33

epidemiology

Question 34

treatment

Answer 34

mebendazole

Question 35

other Capillaria spp

Answer 35

- Capillaria hepatica - Capillaria aerophilia

Question 36

causes the human hepatic Capillariasis

Answer 36

Capillaria hepatica

Question 37

causes the human pulmonary Capillariasis

Answer 37

Capillaria aerophilia

Question 38

pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of other Capillaria spp

Answer 38

* Asymptomatic * Heavy infections can cause gastrointestinal problems * Abdominal pain * Diarrhea * Anorexia * Headache * Fatigue * Anemia * Eosinophilia

Question 39

diagnosis for other Capillaria spp

Answer 39

- DFS - concentration test