3.1 Biomechanics

Question 1

4 things biomehcanics allows performers and coaches to do

Answer 1

Analyse performance
Maximise movement efficiency and technique
Reduce or prevent injuries
disgn/chose correct equipment

Question 2

how to write 1 metre per second

Answer 2

1 m/s

Question 3

newtons first law and what does it state

Answer 3

Law of inertia

A body continues in state of rest or uniform velocity unless acted upon by an external or unbalanced force

Question 4

velocity definition

Answer 4

rate of change in displacement

Question 5

inertia definition

Answer 5

resistance of body to change its state of motion whether at rest or moving

Question 6

newtons second law and what does it state

Answer 6

Acceleration

A bodys rate in change of momentum is proportional to size of force applied and acts in same direction as force applied

Question 7

newtons third law and what does it state

Answer 7

Reaction

for every action force applie there is an equal and opposite reaction force

Question 8

velocity equation

Answer 8

velocity = displacement/time taken

Question 9

velocity units of measurment

Answer 9

m/s

Question 10

momentum definition

Answer 10

quantity of motion possesed by a moving body

Question 11

momentum equation

Answer 11

Momentum = mass X velocity

Question 12

Momentum units of measurement

Answer 12

Kgm/s

Question 13

Acceleration definition

Answer 13

rate of change in velocity

Question 14

acceleration calculation

Answer 14

acceleration = (FV-IV)/time taken

Question 15

what is force

Answer 15

push or pull that alters state of motion of a body

Question 16

Force calculation

Answer 16

force= mass X acceleration

Question 17

units of measuremnt acceleration

Answer 17

m/s/s

Question 18

units of measurment for force

Answer 18

Newtons

Question 19

5 effects of force

Answer 19

create motion
accelerate a body
decelerate a body
change direction of body
change shape of a body

Question 20

Net force deinition

Answer 20

Sum of all forces acting upon a body of known as resultant force

Question 21

weight definition

Answer 21

gravitational pull that earth exerts on a body measured in N

Question 22

Weight calculation

Answer 22

mass x acceleration due to gravity

Question 23

friction definition

Answer 23

Force that opposes the motion of two surfaces in contact measured in N

Question 24

4 factors that affect friction

Answer 24

Roughness of ground surface ( Increased roughness increased friction)
Roughness of contact surface
Temperature ( increased = increased friction)
Size of normal reaction

Question 25

Air resistance definition

Answer 25

Opposes motion through air

Question 26

4 factors affecting air resistance

Answer 26

Velocity ( increasing = increasing) Shape - aerodynamic = less resistance Frontal cross sectional area smoothness of surface

Question 27

What is streamlining

Answer 27

creation of smooth air flow around an aerodynamic shape to minimise air resistance

Question 28

All the things needed n a free body diagram

Answer 28

``` Weight ( down from COM) Reaction ( up from point of contact) Friction (same direction as motion) air resistance ( opposite direction of movement) Direction of movement ```

Question 29

Limb kinetics

Answer 29

3D or optical motion analysis allowing limb efficiency to be evaluated with measurements of displacement, velocity and acceleration in multiple planes of movement

Question 30

Good things about limb kinaetics

Answer 30

Date produced is immediate, objective and accurate used by coaches to adjust and improve technique

Question 31

Bad things about limb kinetics

Answer 31

accuracy depends on correct placement of body markers doesn't cater for individual differences specialised expensive equipment

Question 32

what are force plates

Answer 32

plates that measure ground reaction forces used to work out size and direction of forces, acceleration rates, work and power output

Question 33

benefits of force plates

Answer 33

Immediate accurate reliable results used to analyse performance

Question 34

negatives of force plates

Answer 34

Specialist expensive and in loab conditions which could change the way some performers jump/ run compare to real life

Question 35

what are wind tunnels and what is their aim

Answer 35

creates wind so engineers can look for ways of reducing drag