Energy For Exercise (1.1)

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

The chemical process that occurs within a cell to maintain life, some substances are broken down to provide energy while others are resynthesises to store energy

Question 2

What is idenosine triphosphate?

Answer 2

A high energy compound which is the only immediately available source of energy for muscular contraction

Question 3

What is an enzyme?

Answer 3

Biological catalyst which increases the speed of chemical reactions

Question 4

What is ATPase?

Answer 4

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of ATP

Question 5

What is an Exothermic reaction?

Answer 5

A chemical reaction which releases energy

Question 6

What is Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

Answer 6

A compound formed by the removal of a phosphate bond from ATP ( ATP > ADP + P + energy)

Question 7

What is an Endothermic reaction?

Answer 7

A chemical reaction which absorbs energy

Question 8

What is creating kinase?

Answer 8

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of phosphocreatine (PC)

Question 9

What is Physpocreatine?

Answer 9

A high energy compound stored in the muscle cell and broken down for ATP resythesis

Question 10

What is anaerobic exercise?

Answer 10

Without the presence of oxygen

Question 11

What is a sarcoplasm

Answer 11

The cytoplasm or fluid within the muscle cell which holds stores of PC, glycogen and myoglobin

Question 12

What is a mole

Answer 12

A unit of substance quantity

Question 13

What is a coupled reaction?

Answer 13

Where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

Question 14

When would the ATP-PC system be used?

Answer 14

Used during very high intensity activity after the first two seconds of intense activity depletes the original ATP stores

Question 15

What is Physphofructokinase?

Answer 15

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of glucose (glycolysis)

Question 16

What is Anaerobic glycolysis

Answer 16

The partial breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid

Question 17

What is Lactate dehydrogenase?

Answer 17

An enzyme which catalyses the conversion of pyruvic acid into lactic acid

Question 18

What is obla?

Answer 18

The onset of blood lactate accumulation the point at the which blood lactate levels significantly rise and fatigue sets in

Question 19

What is the buffering capacity?

Answer 19

The ability of hydrogen carbonate ions ( buffers) to neutralise the effects of lactic acid in the blood stream

Question 20

What is the keen cycle?

Answer 20

The second stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 2 ATP in to the mitochondrial matrix

Question 21

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 21

The third stage of the aerobic system producing energy to resynthesise 34 ATP in the mitochondrial crisatae

Question 22

What is the mitochondria?

Answer 22

A structure within the cell where aerobic respiration and energy production occur

Question 23

Lipase?

Answer 23

An enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol

Question 24

What is the energy continuum?

Answer 24

The relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production depending on the intensity and duration of the activity

Question 25

What is intermittent exercise?

Answer 25

Activity where the intensity alternates either during interval training between work and relief intervals or during a game with breaks of play and the changes in intensity

Question 26

What is the threshold?

Answer 26

The point in which an athletes predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another

Question 27

What is Myoglobin?

Answer 27

A red protein in the muscle cell responsible for carrying and storing oxygen

Question 28

What is the work to relief ratio?

Answer 28

The volume of relief in relation to the volume of work performed

Question 29

VO2 max?

Answer 29

Is the max volume of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised per minute during exhaustive exercise?

Question 30

When is the ATP-PC System used?

Answer 30

High intensity exercise after first 2 seconds

Question 31

Strengths of ATP-PC System

Answer 31

No delay for oxygen PC readily available in the cell No fatiguing by-products

Question 32

Weaknesses of ATP-PC System

Answer 32

Low ATP yield | Small PC stores lead to rapid fatigue

Question 33

When would gylcolitic system be used

Answer 33

High intensity exercise after the first 10 seconds

Question 34

How does Glycolytic system work

Answer 34

Low PC and ATP stores trigger release of PFK which breaks down glucose to provide energy for ATP resynthesis

Question 35

What happens if glucose levels dip

Answer 35

GPP released to convert glycogen into glucose

Question 36

In glycolitic system for every one molecule of glucose broken down there is a

Answer 36

Net gain of 2 ATP molecules

Question 37

How long does glycolitic system last for

Answer 37

3 mins

Question 38

Strengths of glycolitic system

Answer 38

No delay for oxygen Lactic acid recycled into fuel Fast fuel break down for ATP Resynthesis

Question 39

Weaknesses of glycolitic system

Answer 39

Fatiguing by product lactic acid | Low ATP Yield

Question 40

When is aerobic system used

Answer 40

Low/Moderate intensity exercise when sufficient oxygen is delivered

Question 41

Strengths of aerobic glycolysis

Answer 41

Large fuel stores High ATP yield No fatiguing by products

Question 42

Weaknesses of aerobic glycolysis

Answer 42

Delay for oxygen delivery | Triglycerides take 15% more energy to break down

Question 43

How are triglycerides used in aerobic glycolysis

Answer 43

Lipase released which breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol which are converted into acetyl CoA and follow path of krebs