3.1 - Introduction

Question 1

gas energy

Answer 1

most energy
- spaced apart and randomly arranged

Question 2

liquid energy

Answer 2

more energy than solid
- particles closer together but have random arrangement

Question 3

solid energy

Answer 3

least energy
- particles vibrating in fixed regular arrangement and close together

Question 4

melting

Answer 4

solid -> liquid

Question 5

freezing

Answer 5

liquid -> solid

Question 6

boiling

Answer 6

liquid -> gas

Question 7

condensing

Answer 7

gas -> liquid

Question 8

gas -> liquid -> solid

Answer 8

particles lose kinetic energy
move less
more regular arranged and close together

Question 9

diffusion of solid

Answer 9

particles have to be able to move
doesn’t occur in solid since particles cannot move

Question 10

dilution of coloured solutions

Answer 10

diluted by adding water
particles diffuse to area of low conc
mixes with water molecules

Question 11

solvent

Answer 11

liquid in which solute dissolves in

Question 12

solute

Answer 12

substance that dissolves in a liquid to form solution

Question 13

solution

Answer 13

mixture formed when solute has dissolved in a solvent

Question 14

saturated solution

Answer 14

solution in which no more solvent can be dissolved in

Question 15

solubility is shown as

Answer 15

grams of a solute that will dissolve in 100g of water

Question 16

solubility curves

Answer 16

solubility os solids increases when temp and pressure increases
mass below line - solution unsaturated
mass above line - unstable and super saturated

Question 17

element

Answer 17

substance made from only one type of atom

Question 18

compound

Answer 18

substance made of two or more elements that reacted chemically w each other

Question 19

mixture

Answer 19

consists of 2 or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined
- chemical properties in mixture are unchanged

Question 20

pure substance

Answer 20

single element/compound not mixed with other substances

Question 21

pure substances MP/BP

Answer 21

range of temperatures - specific

Question 22

periods

Answer 22

elements with same number of shells of electrons
- arranged in rows

Question 23

non metals are not

Answer 23

conductive
(except graphite)

Question 24

if an element is not conductive and its oxide is acidic

Answer 24

non metal

Question 25

if an element is conductive and its oxide is basic

Answer 25

metal

Question 26

investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature

Answer 26

- Pour 200 cm3​ of deionised water into a beaker - water bath to heat the beaker of water to the desired temperature - add known masses of the solid bit by bit until it stops dissolving and remains as solid in the solution - record the mass of solid that was soluble. - repeat steps with the water at different temperatures.

Question 27

results on practical of the solubility of a solid in water at a specific temperature

Answer 27

- as the temperature increases, the mass of sodium chloride that dissolves should increase. - this is because the water particles have more kinetic energy so they’re able to overcome the intermolecular forces of attraction between the solid particles and cause the solid particles to break apart