3.1 - Libya

Question 1

Context of Libya

Answer 1

• 10th largest oil reserves in the world
• 7 million population
• Ruled by Gadaffi for most of independence (1969-2011)
• Gadaffi accused of various HR abuses - extrajudicial killings, torture
• 1st civil war 2011 - uprising (supported by NATO bombing) removed Gadaffi
• 2nd civil war (2014-2020) - conflict between fragmented gov. GNA vs LNA

Question 2

What intervention was there?

Answer 2

• No fly-zone
• UN freezing Gadaffi’s assets + referring him to ICC
• NATO bombing of military targets

Question 3

Criticism of intervention?

Answer 3

• Power vaccum led to rise of militias, terrorism, and migrant abuse
• No plan for post-Gaddafi Libya - led to chaos and second civil war
• No long-term reconstruction or peace-building plan followed the military campaign so military success doesnt = sustainable peace