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A-Level Geography - Coastal; systems and landscapes > 3.10 - Case study - The Sundarbans > Flashcards

3.10 - Case study - The Sundarbans Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the Sundarbans?

A

Bangladesh (mainly) and India

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2
Q

Define Monsoon

A

A seasonal reverse of wind direction heralding a change from a dry to wet season

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3
Q

More than …..% of the population live in an area impacted by a monsoon climate

A

60%

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4
Q

India receive …% of their rainfall in the Summer monsoon

A

90%

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5
Q

How are monsoons formed?

A

Land heats up quicker than water so heat rises over the land of India
An area of low pressure is formed
The direction of the prevailing winds changes so moist air goes over land

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6
Q

What is a river delta?

A

low, flat land, sometimes shaped like a triangle, where a river divides into several smaller rivers before flowing into the sea

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7
Q

List 5 coastal processes in the Sundarbans

A 
Tidal action (main)
Erosion
Monsoon winds
Increasing sea levels
Instability of islands
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8
Q

Define sustainability

A

Meet the needs of the present without compromising the needs of the future.

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9
Q

Why can mangroves live in the sea?

A

Roots can filter out the salts

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10
Q

Name 3 benefits of mangroves (not goods)

A

Roots are home to fish
Decrease erosion
Reduce sediment run off from land

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11
Q

Name 4 services the Sundarbans provide

A

Fuels
Protection (erosion)
Provision (climate control and breeding grounds)
Value

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12
Q

Name 4 goodscthe Sundarbans provide

A

Food
Textiles
Medicine
Construction material

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13
Q

Name the two types of opportunities into the Sundarbans

A

Goods and Services

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14
Q

Name 5 natural risks to the Sundarbans

A 
Coastal flooding
Cyclones
Salt in soil
Instability of islands
Remote
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15
Q

Name 5 human risks to the Sundarbans

A 
Over exploitation
Destructive fishing techniques
Lack of awareness of importance
Resource use conflict
Convert wetland to settlements and agriculture
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16
Q

Define resilience

A

Being able to cope with the challenges the environment presents

17
Q

Define mitigation

A

Reducing the severity of hazards and other issues

18
Q

Define adapttaion

A

Adjusting behaviour to fit the environment

19
Q

List 4 challenges of the Sundarbans

A

Increased frequency and intensity of floods

Increase salinity levels of soil

Pesticide use affect water quality

Embankments encourage silt -> river level rises

20
Q

3 ways people have adapted to the Sundarbans

A

Build houses of stilts

Sustainable - non-intensive farming techniques and ecotourism

Salt-tolerant rice (AO3 - reduce biodiversity and vulnerable to pests

21
Q

3 ways people have mitigated to the Sundarbans

A

3500km of embankments built

Protect mangroves and replant in areas

Cyclone shelters

22
Q

4 ways people have been resilient to the Sundarbans

A

Better roads and bridges

Increase food security by giving £

Increase access to clean water

Electricity in more areas and solar panels

23
Q

What do USAID do to help? (4)

A

Monitor tiger population
Harvest crops efficiently
Sell excess crops
Raise fish

24
Q

Describe the ICZM

A

Integrated coastal zone management

Coastal people peruse sustainable economic development

25
Q

What does the ICZM do? (4)

Sundarbans

A

Improve rural livelihood
Manage fresh water resources
Develop tourism and fishing sector
Improve infrastructure and social provision

26
Q

Define mangrove

A

Semi-marine tropical species of tree that grows in shallow water with roots above the surface.

27
Q

Describe the key development - cyclone protection (2)

A

2000+ cycle shelters

Social centre when not in use

28
Q

AO3 - Describe the key development - cyclone protection (1)

A

Not enough for scale needed

29
Q

Describe the key development - coastal protection (2)

A

5000km of embankments

123 barrier dams

30
Q

AO3 - Describe the key development - coastal protection (3)

A

Reduce flow of tidal
Increase sediment deposition
Increase water logging

31
Q

Describe the key development - vegetation (2)

A

Mangroves absorb wave/cyclone energy

Plant vegetation along 900km of coastline

32
Q

AO3 - Describe the key development - vegetation (2)

A

Inadequate knowledge of species and habitat

Hit and miss with survival

A-Level Geography - Coastal; systems and landscapes (10 decks)

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