3.1.1 Atomic Structure

Question 1

what is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 1

+1

Question 2

what is the mass of a proton?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

what is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 3

-1

Question 4

what is the relative mass of an electron

Answer 4

1/1836

Question 5

what is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 5

0

Question 6

what is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 6

1

Question 7

what does the nucleus of an atom contain?

Answer 7

protons
neutrons

Question 8

what orbits around an atom?

Answer 8

electrons

Question 9

what is the force of attraction held between protons and neutrons?

Answer 9

nuclear force

Question 10

what is the force present between protons and electrons?

Answer 10

electrostatic force

Question 11

what is the relative charge of an atom of an element?

Answer 11

neutral

Question 12

what letter is the mass number represented by?

Answer 12

A

Question 13

what letter is the atomic number presented as?

Answer 13

Z

Question 14

what is the atomic number?

Answer 14

the number of protons+electrons

Question 15

what is the mass number?

Answer 15

total number of neutrons and protons in a nucleus

Question 16

how can you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 16

mass number - atomic number

Question 17

what are the stages of time of flight mass spectrometer

Answer 17

ionisation
acceleration
ion drift
ion detection
data analysis

Question 18

why is the sample held within a vacuum

Answer 18

so that arent react with the gases in the atmosphere.

Question 19

what occurs during ionisation. (TOF)

Answer 19

converts the atoms to positive ions by knocking off an electron.

Question 20

what is electrospray ionisation?

Answer 20

sample is placed in a volatile solvent
is forced through a fine needle: giving fine mist/aeorsal
tip of needle has high voltage
sample gains a proton H+

Question 21

what is electron impact?

Answer 21

electron gun forces high energy electron towards sample
knocks out an electron
forms positive ion

Question 22

what is the general formula of an atom losing an electron
1st ionisation energy

Answer 22

X(g)–> X+(g) + e-

Question 23

what happens when the ions are attracted to negatively charged plate?

Answer 23

they accelerate towards the plate

Question 24

what is the kinetic energy of the ions

Answer 24

it is constant.

Question 25

will smaller ions have a greater speed

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

what is speed of the ions in the ion drift?

Answer 26

smaller ions move faster larger ions move slower

Question 27

what occurs during ion detection?

Answer 27

the ions pick up an electron which causes a current to flow

Question 28

what does the flow of current represent?

Answer 28

size of current is proportional to the abundance of the isotope

Question 29

what happens when a molecule interacts with electron impact?

Answer 29

causes fragmentation

Question 30

what is the mass spectrometer used for?

Answer 30

relative abundance of isotopes relative isotopic mass

Question 31

how can we find the relative isotopic mass

Answer 31

isotopic mass*relative abundance / total relative abundance

Question 32

what are the names of the sub shells/ orbitals

Answer 32

s,p,d,f

Question 33

how many electrons does a s-orbital hold?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

how many electrons does the p orbital hold

Answer 34

6

Question 35

how many electrons does the d orbital hold?

Answer 35

10

Question 36

what is the first ionisation energy?

Answer 36

energy required to remove 1 mole of an electron from a mole of atoms in its gaseous state measured in kJ/mol

Question 37

what is an example of the 2nd ionisation energy?

Answer 37

X+ --> X2+ +2e-

Question 38

what factors affect ionisation energy?

Answer 38

nuclear charge atomic radius shielding

Question 39

what is the trend in ionisation energy in period 3

Answer 39

increases -across the group nuclear charge increases (proton no. IN) -electrons have greater attraction to +ve nucleus -decreases atomic radius -same orbitals

Question 40

how does sulfur deviate from the trend in ionisation energy?

Answer 40

DECREASES electrons are paired in the same p orbital repulsion between them less energy required to break forces

Question 41

what is the trend in first ionisation energies as you go down the group?

Answer 41

DECREASES atomic radius increases outermost electron further away from nucleus more shielding weaker attraction to nucleus.

Question 42

what is the relative atomic mass

Answer 42

the average mass of an atom compared to 1/12 of the mass of the atom carbon.

Question 43

in what ways are isotopes the same?

Answer 43

same electronic configuration.