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SHB - Exam 3 > Cereral cortex 2 > Flashcards

Cereral cortex 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which hemisphere is language localized in?

A

LEFT

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2
Q

What nucleus maintains circadian rhythm?

A

Suprachiasmatic

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3
Q

What is the organization of the Reticular formation?

A

3 neurons

  1. Midline = RAPHE (aminergic - seratonin)
  2. Paramedial - EFFERENT
  3. Lateral - AFFERENT
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4
Q

What is the structure in the middle of the reticular formation that secretes Serotonin?

A

Raphe Nuclei

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5
Q

Which layer/area of the cortex are pyramidal cells found?

A

Found in LAYER 5

  • project info out of the cerebral cortex
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6
Q

If there was damage to Broca’s area what would be the symptoms?

A
  1. NO VERBAL FLUENCY
  2. poor verbal repetition
  3. GOOD VERBAL COMPREHENSION
  4. poor verbal naming
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7
Q

If there was damage to Wernicke’s area what would be the symptoms?

A
  1. VERBAL FLUENCY
  2. poor verbal repetition
  3. poor comprehension
  4. poor verbal naming
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8
Q

What allows Wernicke’s area to communicate with Broca’s area?

A

Arcuate Fasciculus

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9
Q

What is the main function of the Reticular Formation?

A
  • COORDINATING SYSTEM
for AUTONOMIC functions
-sleep/wakefulness
-respiratory
cardiovascular
-nociception
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10
Q

Which is the sensory zone of the Reticular Formation?

A

LATERAL zone

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11
Q

What is the effector zone of the Reticular formation? Where does it project?

A

PARAMEDIAN zone

- spinal cord
-brainstem
central tegmental tract

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12
Q

What NT is VTA responsible for secreting?

A

DOPAMINE

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13
Q

What does Locus COeruleus secrete?

A

Noradrenaline

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14
Q

The largest territorial distribution of any CNS neurons is covered by what NT?

A

SERATONIN

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15
Q

What is the function of the ARAS (Ascending Reticular Activating System)?

A
  • keep you awake & out of REM
  • alertness, sleep-wake rhythms, and startle reactions

(if this is non-functioning, e would lose consciousness)

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16
Q

What is consciousness?

A

State of self awareness in which it is possible to direct attention & manipulate abstract ideas

  • dependent on diffuse modulation projections (NT’s)
17
Q

What secretes OREXIN?

A

Lateral Hypothalamus

18
Q

What does the midbrain reticular formation secrete?

A

Acetylcholine

19
Q

What is the job of the SUprachiasmatic Nucleus? How does it maintain this?

A
  • maintains circadian rhythms

- calibrated by LIGHT

20
Q

What are the 3 potential roles of Sleep?

A
  1. Consolidation of memory & daily experiences
  2. Brain growth & development
  3. Restoration and recovery
21
Q

When is memory consolidated?

A

During sleep

22
Q

The EEG of wakefulness is most similar to what stage of the sleep cycle?

A

REM

23
Q

As we sleep, what increases in duration?

A

REM sleep

24
Q

Is the following EEG characteristic of REM or NON-Rem

  1. low amplitude
  2. fast frequency
  3. Desynchronized
A

REM

25
Q

Is the following EEG characteristic of REM or NON-Rem

  1. large amplitude
  2. slow frequency
  3. synchronized
A

Non-rem

26
Q

Most dreams occur in which stage of the sleep cycle?

A

REM

27
Q

Increased sympathetic, irregular pulse, and respiration:

REM or Non-REM?

A

REM!!!

non-rem has increased parasympathetic
-slow, regular pulse & respiration

28
Q

What are the 3 important structures that help control Wake/Sleep cycles & rem/non-rem?

A
  1. Basal Forebrain
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Thalamus
    - BRAINSTEM
    (raphe, Locus Coeruleus)
29
Q

The lateral HYPOTHALAMUS secretes what important NT?

A

OREXIN

30
Q

What is the role of orexin?

A
  1. keep us in WAKE state

2. keep REM from occurring

31
Q

What is a clinical disorder in which an individual cannot stay awake & collapses?

A

NARCOLEPSY + Cataplexia
(not enough orexin)

  • auto-immune disorder
32
Q

When the connection between the brain & spinal cord is interrupted, what occurs?

A

CATAPLEXIA

  • collapse randomly
33
Q

What does the tuberomamillary nucleus release?

A

HISTAMINE

34
Q

What does the Basal Forebrain release?

A

Acetylcholine

35
Q

What does the Laterodorsal & pedunculopontine segmental Nuclei release?

A

Acetylcholine

36
Q

What releases norepinephrine?

A

Locus Coereleus

37
Q

What releases dopamine int he cortex?

A

VTA

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

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