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SHB - Exam 3 > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

What structure runs from the hippocampus to the hypothalamus?

A

Fornix

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2
Q

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

A
  1. Homeostasis
  2. Species Survival Drives
  3. Emotional brain
  • Autonomic information is controlled as well
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3
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Modulating learned motor activity

a lot of Afferent info –> Nuc. of solitary tract GVA

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4
Q

Which nucleus is responsible for releasing hormones for the ANTERIOR pituitary and is affected by stress?

A

Arcuate Nucleus

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5
Q

What nucleus serves as our biological clock?

A

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

- releases vasopressin

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6
Q

Which nucleus provides hormones for both the anterior & posterior pituitary, ANS via DMN-Vagus, Solitary Nucleus, IML, Ventrolateral Medulla, & locus ceroeleus?

A

Paraventricular Nucleus

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7
Q

What nucleus of the hypothalamus is responsible for memory? Which thalamic nucleus does this project to?

A

Mammillary NUcleus

(From hyppicampus to hypothalamus via fornix)

  • projects to ANTERIOR THALAMIC NUCLEI
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8
Q

What are the 3 main hypothalamic inputs?

A
  1. Fornix
  2. Stria Terminalis
  3. MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLE
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9
Q

What are the 3 monamines of importance to the hypothalamus?

A
  1. Dopamine
  2. Norepinephrine
  3. Seratonin
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10
Q

What are the 2 principle dopaminergic systems in the brain? Where do most fibers travel through?

A
  1. Nigostriatal System (basal ganglia - SN)
  2. Mesolimbic system - VTA
  • fibers travel through the Median Forebrain Bundle
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11
Q

Norepinephrine is located where? What do they course through? Where does the pathway unite with the VTA to enter the amygdala & hypothalamus?

A
  1. Locus Ceruleus
  2. DORSAL TEGMENTAL BUNDLE
  3. MEDIAN FOREBRAIN BUNDLE
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12
Q

What two NT’s are responsible for keeping us awake?

A
  1. Norepinephrine
  2. Orexin
    (from lateral hypothalamus)
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13
Q

Where does seratonin originate from? Where do they join noradrenergic fibers?

A
  1. dorsal & median RAPHE NUCLEI

2. MEDIAN FOREBRAIN BUNDLE in the lateral hypothalamus

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14
Q

What nucleus of the thalamus does the Mammilothalamic Tract project to? Where does it project to?

A
  1. Anterior Nucleus

2. Cingulate Gyrus

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15
Q

What is the primary function of the mammilary bodies?

A

Recollective memory

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16
Q

What is the order of the paper circuit (starting & ending at the cingulate gyrus?

A
  1. Cingulate gyrus
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Hypothalamus + Mammillary body (via fornix)
  4. ANTERIOR NUCLEUS of the hypothalamus
  5. Cingulate gyrus
17
Q

What is the DIRECT pituitary control?

A
  1. POSTERIOR PITUITARY
  2. Neurohypophysis
  • hormones made by hypothalamic neurons & transported via axons to the posterior pituitary
18
Q

What is the indirect pituitary control?

A
  1. Anterior Pituitary
  2. Adenohypophysis
  • microvascular capillaries transport the hormones
19
Q

What is the mechanism of control of the hypothalamus?

A

SERVOMECHANISM

  • via feedback
20
Q 
A 61-year-old woman presents with a complaint of persistently seeing "two of everything." The examination reveals a dilated left pupil and an inability to look up, down, or medially with that eye. MRI reveals an aneurysm of the basilar bifurcation. During surgery to clip this aneurysm, the small perforating branches of P1 (posterior perforating arteries) are inadvertently occluded by the clip. Which of the following structures would be most adversely affected by this disruption of blood supply?
Anterior hypothalamic nucleus
Mammillary nuclei
Medial preoptic nuclei
Paraventricular nucleus
Tuberal region nuclei
A

B) Mammillary Nuclei

21
Q 
Which of the following fiber bundles contains bidirectional connections between the septal nuclei, lateral hypothalamic nucleus, tuberal nuclei, and brainstem areas such as the periaqueductal gray and the tegmental nuclei?
Mammillotegmental tract
Mammillothalamic tract
Medial forebrain bundle
Stria terminalis
Stria medullaris thalami
A

C) Medial Forebrain Bundle

22
Q

What is the correct pathway of the PAPEZ Circuit?

A
  1. Cingulate Gyrus
  2. Hippocampus
  3. Mammillary body (+Hypothalamus)
  4. Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus

SHB - Exam 3 (21 decks)

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