Basics

Question 0

What is a covalent, polar covalent and ionic bond

Answer 0

Covalent- equal sharing
Polar covalent- not equal sharing
Ionic-atoms takes or gives up an electron.

Question 1

Name and describe the components of an atom

Answer 1

Positively charged nucleus
Neutrons
Negatively charged electrons.

Question 2

What are 3 features that make water conductive for life.

Answer 2

Water absorbs gets well but dosent release it.
Ice floats
Water is cohesive

Question 3

What allows carbon to form diverse structures

Answer 3

4 covalent bonds, the spatial orientation of the bonds in the form of a tetrahedron and the ability of each bond to rotate.

Question 4

What is a protein?

Answer 4

Amino acids
Peptide bonds
Do everything- structural, signals, catalysts.

Question 5

What is a nucleic acid?

Answer 5

Nucleotides- have sugar phosphate and a base.
Ribose and deoxyribose-sugars. Bases-ATGCU
Monomers are covalently bound together
DNA double helix. RNA single strand
Hydrogen bonds between bases.
DNA stores info. RNA translates it

Question 6

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 6

Monomers are sugars
All have ratio of CxH2xOx
Bound together by covalent bonds (glycosidic bonds) esteem C-and OH.
Provide energy and structure.

Question 7

What are lipids?

Answer 7

Hydrophobic

Fats,steroids and phospholipids.

Question 8

Describe a fat

Answer 8

3 fatty acids to a glycerol molecule- tails of H and C.
Unsaturated- have a double bond
Saturated- have single bonds.
Hydrophobic and store energy

Question 9

Describe a phospholipid

Answer 9

Glycerol molecule with 2 fatty acid tails and phospholipid head.
Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Form the phospholipid belayer.

Question 10

Describe a steroid

Answer 10

4 ring structure.
Cholesterol estrogen and testosterone
Signals, fluidity of the membrane

Question 11

How does the structure of DNA re,ate to its function?

Answer 11

DNA can store large amounts of information because it has no restriction on its base pairs
Also very stable due to the hydrogen bonding between base pairs
Hydrogen bonding allows a double helix, which allows DNA replication

Question 12

What are the four characteristics of life¿

Answer 12

Organized complexity
Ability to change to environment
Reproduce
Capacity to evolve

Question 13

What do all cells contain?

Answer 13

Molecular blueprint
Discrete boundary between cell and environment
Harness energy from the environment

Question 14

What is pH?

Answer 14

Measures the concentration of h+ buffers needed to keep pH in biological range