Chapter 7 Flashcards
“similarity or common reference”
Identification
Identification Tactics
implied we, involved, appearance, adapting language, content identification, moral symbols and documents, values/beliefs/attitudes, unrelated individuals, link with other social movements
Separation and division
Polarization
the process by which an extremely diversified public is coalesced into two or more highly contrasting, mutually exclusive groups sharing a high degree of internal solidarity in those beliefs which the persuader considers salient”
- Movements “[create] clear distinctions between an evil other and the virtuous self, a we-they dichotomy”
- There is no middle ground: you are either for the movement or against it
Polarization
some pointed term, phrase or expression, fittingly worded, which suggests action, loyalty, or which causes people to decide on and to fight for the realization of some principle or decisive issue”
slogan
Used in social movements for centuries because they:
a. Are designed to be repeated
b. “Give persuaders a poetic license to challenge, exaggerate, and pretend
in way” that are not as tolerated in other discourse forms
c. Allow active participation in the persuasion process
d. Energize an audience
e. Call the audience to act
Song
the process of naming, creating a specific ‘symbolic reality’ of an action, event, person, or movement”
labeling
- Movements label events to portray them in favorable ways
- Use negative epithets to label and stigmatize those who do not join
- Use negative labels to define the opposition as “devils”
heap abuse on devils through ridicule, negative associations, and metaphors that may dehumanize them into pigs, rats, vermin, parasites, vultures, scum, and feces”
Ridicule
indecent words and symbolic acts
Obscenity
- Clothing and appearance to create identification
- Sacred emblems (placards, buttons, lapel pins, articles of clothing, armbands)
- Gestures (V sign or middle finger)
Nonverbal and symbolic acts
using the normal means of change/persuasion
1. Use typical concepts such as selection of appeals, target audience, evidence, tone of message
Petition
use the physical presence of the agitators to produce what Dr. King called ‘creative tension’”
b. “[use] the physical and/or economic absence of the agitators to create tension leading to negotiation and adjustment” (sit-ins, fasts, boycotts and strikes, blocking entrances, chaining self to tree, lying in front of bulldozers/tanks, etc.)
Nonviolent Resistance
when the agitator deliberately breaks a law that is considered unjust
Civil Disobedience
