3.1.3 bonding

Question 1

fluoride ion?

Answer 1

F-

Question 2

chloride ion?

Answer 2

Cl-

Question 3

bromide ion?

Answer 3

Br-

Question 4

iodide ion?

Answer 4

I-

Question 5

hydroxide ion?

Answer 5

OH-

Question 6

nitrate ion?

Answer 6

(NO3)-

Question 7

hydrogen carbonate ion?

Answer 7

(HCO3)-

Question 8

sulfate ion?

Answer 8

(SO4)2-

Question 9

carbonate ion?

Answer 9

(CO3)2-

Question 10

oxide ion?

Answer 10

(O2)-

Question 11

sulfide ion?

Answer 11

(S2)-

Question 12

phosphate ion?

Answer 12

(PO4)3-

Question 13

zinc ion?

Answer 13

Zn2+

Question 14

ammonium ion?

Answer 14

(NH4)+

Question 15

silver ion?

Answer 15

Ag+

Question 16

what are elements that don’t fill their outer shell (octet)?

Answer 16

• boron (B)
• beryllium (Be)
• aluminium (Al)

Question 17

what elements can expand their octet?

Answer 17

non-metals in the p-block in period 3 or lower

Question 18

what elements can expand their octet?

Answer 18

non-metals in the p-block in period 3 or lower

Question 19

what is a dative bond?

Answer 19

when there is a shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom

Question 20

what’s the shape of 3 bonding pairs?

Answer 20

trigonal planar shape

Question 21

what’s the bond angle of 3 bonding pairs?

Answer 21

120°

Question 22

what’s the name of the shape of 4 bonding pairs?

Answer 22

tetrahedral shape

Question 23

what is the bond degree in a 4 bonding pairs structure?

Answer 23

109.5°

Question 24

what’s the 5 bonding pair structure called?

Answer 24

trigonal bipyramidal structure

Question 25

what are the bonding angles in a 5 bonding pair structure?

Answer 25

90° and 120°

Question 26

what is the name of the shape of 6 bonding pairs?

Answer 26

**octahedral** shape

Question 27

what is the bonding angle in 6 bonding pairs?

Answer 27

90°

Question 28

what is the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR)?

Answer 28

the **shape** adopted by a simple molecule or ion which keeps **repulsive forces** to a minimum

Question 29

what does **electronegativity** mean?

Answer 29

power of an atom to **attract electrons** in a **covalent bond**

Question 30

what elements does hydrogen react with for it to make a hydrogen bond?

Answer 30

- oxygen - fluorine - nitrogen

Question 31

what is the strongest intermolecular force?

Answer 31

hydrogen bonds

Question 32

what are the weakest intermolecular forces?

Answer 32

van der waals forces

Question 33

what properties of atoms cause a bond to be polar?

Answer 33

high electronegativity difference between atoms

Question 34

why does the boiling point of elements in group 7 increase as you go down the group?

Answer 34

- higher **mr** - **more electrons** present - chance of **temporary dipoles** increase - more **van der waals** forces present - **more energy needed** to break the bonds - higher boiling point

Question 35

what’s a macromolecular molecule?

Answer 35

- **giant molecule** with **covalent bonding** - covalent bonds are **strong**

Question 36

why is tetrachloromethane not polar?

Answer 36

dipoles cancel

Question 37

describe hydrogen bonding in any substance

Answer 37

**attraction** between **lone pair of O** and **partially + of OH** of another molecule