3.3.1 intro to organic chemistry Flashcards
(20 cards)
what’s a general formula?
simplest algebraic formula for any member of a homologous series
what’s a molecular formula?
number of each type of atom present
what’s an empirical formula?
simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in the molecule
what’s a structural formula?
each carbon has the atoms attached to written after it, e.g CH3CH2CH2CH3
what’s an isomer?
molecules with the same molecular formula but in which the atoms are arranged in a different way
what’s the two types of isomers?
- structural isomers
- stereoisomers
what’s a structural isomer?
same molecular formula but they have a different structural formula
what are the 3 types of structural isomerism?
- chain isomerism
- position isomerism
- functional group isomerism
what’s position isomerism?
functional group can be attached to a different atom in the chain, e.g 2-chloropentane
what are functional group isomers?
same general formula but contain different functional groups
what are some properties of compounds in the same homologous series?
- same functional group
- react in same way
- same general formula
- differ by CH2
why’s carbon toxic when produced?
- damages lung
- breathing problems
what are some properties of hydrocarbons in the same homologous group?
- similar chemical properties
- same functional group
- same general formula
what is the molecular formula?
actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
why do hydrocarbons with less molecular formulas have a lower boiling point?
- less surface area
- less vdw forces
what are stereoisomers?
molecules that have same structural formula but different arrangement of atoms in space
what can C16H34 be used for?
diesel oil
what’s a general formula for an alkane attached to a halogen?
e.g for Br: CnH2n+1Br
why are thermal cracking reactions carried out in industry?
to produce products in greater demand
what’s produced when C15H32 breaks down?
2C4H8+ C7H16
