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ANTH 212 > 315 chapter 9 > Flashcards

315 chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

extrinsic motivation and incentive value

A

have more of something desirable is good. to have less of its bad. something indesirable is bad, to have less if good

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2
Q

reinforcers and punishers

A

reinforcers and punishers= good/bad contingent consequences of behavior. If behavior, then reinforcer/punisher. If no behavior, then no reinforcer/punisher

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3
Q

giving (+) but something bad

A

poitive punishment- behavior is weakend

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4
Q

giving (+) but something good

A

positive reinforcer- behavior is strengthened

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5
Q

taking away (-) but something bad

A

negative reinforcer- behavior is strengthened

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6
Q

taking away (-) but something good

A

negative punishment- behavior is weakenend

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7
Q

reinforcers

A

behavioral consequences (rewards) that select behavior (increase frequency of behavior)

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8
Q

punisher

A

behavioral consequences (penalties) that deselect behavior (decreases frequency of behavior)

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9
Q

incentives

A

anticipated external stimulus that motivate behaviors to occurpo

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10
Q

positive incentive

A

anticipated rewards (reinforcers that motivate approach behavior- hiring bonus)

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11
Q

negative incentive

A

resemble threats/ anticipated punishers that motivate avoidance behaviors (speed cameras/tickets)

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12
Q

incentive values

A

attractiveness of incentive based on objective properties (# or amount)`

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13
Q

utility

A

subjective value of an incentive based on it providing satisfaction, pleasure, and usefulness

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14
Q

object/subjective value

A

willignness to accept price (sell price)= subjective value of incentive > willingness to pay price (buy price)= subjective value of incentive gain

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15
Q

fetchners law

A

relationship between objective/subjective incentive value (utility) such that equal increasaes objective value, produce smaller and smaller increases in subjective value (utility)

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16
Q

anticipated gains

A

positive incentives

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17
Q

anticipated loses

A

negative incentives

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18
Q

losses

A

felt more strongly than gains

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19
Q

prospect theory

A

losses loom larger than gains, the loss of something is more dissatisfying than gain of it is satisfying

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20
Q

value function curve

A

equal objective gain and losses result in unequal psychological reaction, greater motivation to prevent the loss

21
Q

loss aversion

A

tendency to not want to experience the unpleasantness of loss; gain is preferred. motivated using locks gaurding ones money/phone, # of varibales that affect subjective value of incentive

22
Q

amount

A

incentive amoun: quantity/# of incentives increase their value (A is more valued then a B)

23
Q

substitution effect

A

an increase in price of one incentive/reinforcer leads to increase demand for different incentive/reinforcer to replace original one

24
Q

contrast effect

A

motivational impact of incentive depends on how it compares to prior/other incentives

25
Q

incentive contrast

A

change in motivation depends on how current incentive differs in value from prior incentives

26
Q

postive incentive contrast

A

upward shift in incentive value, motivated behavior increases (16 to 18 an hours)

27
Q

negative incentive contrast

A

downward shift in incentive value, motivated behavior decreases (20-18 an hour)

28
Q

law of hedonic contrast

A

subjective feelings that accompany incentive contrast. + contrast produces pleasant feelings; - contrast produces unpleasant feelings; contrasted incentive must be in same category as intrinsic they compared with

29
Q

IKEA effect

A

people value more of product they made themselves compared to when made by others

30
Q

temporal motivation theory

A

how far an incentive is available in future determining value/utility of incentive; integrates how incentive utility changes temporarily. utility is based on value of expected incentive and delay of incentive

31
Q

incentive delay interval

A

incentive becomes available

32
Q

delay discounting

A

process by which future incentive is represented in present at marked down value

33
Q

procrastination

A

delay in goal-directed behavior, despite knowing that one will be worse off as a result, people differ in extent they procrastinate

34
Q

general procrastination scale

A

measures the trait tendency of individual to procrastinate

35
Q

preference reversal

A

change in preference from 1 incentive to another as result of change in their discounted values, based on change in incentive delay intervals (25 now or 50 in 2 weeks)

36
Q

common currency

A

a shared dimension/basis on which a dimension is based. money and pleasure for making choice like people buying things and choice between immediate/delay reward

37
Q

intrinsic motivation

A

behavior isn’t coerced by external sources- motivation is inherent in behavior (intrinsic motivation inventory)

38
Q

extrinsic motivation

A

behavior is coerced by external sources (grade, money)

39
Q

means end fusion model

A

intrinsic motivation depends on how close together behavior/means and its end-state experience (rewards) occur

40
Q

functional autonomy of motives

A

outcome of process that involved the transition from extrinsically motivated behavior to intrinsically behavior (running to lose weight but then doing it because you liek it)

41
Q

curiosity

A

source of intrinsic motivation that aids in exploring and learning about ones environment

42
Q

effectance motivation

A

motive to actively interact and control ones enviornment

43
Q

flow

A

pleasurable subjective state that stems from being completely involved in challenging activity that matches one skill

44
Q

cognitive evaluation theory

A

person evaluates reason for their behavior- if behavior attributed to external incentive then when incentive is removed, intrinsic interest declines

45
Q

quantity `

A

how much is accomplished; extrinsic motivation increases this

46
Q

quality

A

how well something is accomplished; intrinsic motivation increases this

47
Q

motivation orientation

A

refers to when person’s consistently directed toward an intrinsic/extrinsic source of motivation; can be motivated by both sources

48
Q

extrinsically oriented

A

work for rewards like study for the A

49
Q

intrinsically oriented

A

work is own reward like studying for pleasure of learning

ANTH 212 (5 decks)

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