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PERCISION NUTRITION > Chapter 1 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Key Terms Flashcards

0
Q

Define good nutrition

A 
1 controls energy balance 
2 provide nutrient density 
3 Acheive health, body como, performance 
4 outcome based 
5 sustain planet
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1
Q

What are 5 major Limiting factors ?

A
  1. genetic makeup
  2. Physical activity patterns -commit purposeful intense exercise
  3. Physiology
  4. mindset
  5. nutrition
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2
Q

Body composition

A

Relarionship Bertie. Lean mass (bone body water muscle mass) and fat mass

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3
Q

Law of thermodynamics

A

Energy exchange principle regarding heat exchange and work:

Energy balances:

Positive : more energy in than out( weight gain )
Negative: more energy out than in (weight loss)

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4
Q

Insulin resistance

A

Condition normal amounts of hormone Insulin are inadequate to produce normal response from fat muscle liver cells

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5
Q

Calorie density

A

Energy per unit food ,
high C -dense foods provide many cal in small portion
Low C-dense foods fewer cal in larger portion

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6
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of reactions take place to build up and break down body

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Reproduction , replace, repair- state of balanced stable function

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8
Q

Protein

A

Consists of amino acids contain nitrogen

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Composed of cellular layers protect outer surfaces human skin

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10
Q

Proteins, fats, carbohydrates

A

Macronutrients

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11
Q

Vitamins and minerals

A

Micronutrients

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12
Q

Plant chemicals

A

Phytonutrients

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13
Q

Non protein compound interacts with another substance to facilitate transformation

A

Cofactors

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14
Q

Contains isothiocyanates that switch off gene in liver that detoxifies cancer causing chemical

A

Broccoli

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15
Q

8 parts of cell

A 
1 plasma membrane 
2 cytoplasm 
3 lysosomes 
4 mitochondria 
5 Golgi apparatus 
6 peroxisome 
7 endoplasmic reticulum 
8 nucleus
16
Q

Lipid bilayer permeable separates cell from neighbors, also made of proteins and cholesterol

A

Plasma membrane

17
Q

Make up plasma membrane , insoluble in water messenger function

A

Lipid

18
Q

Phospholipid

A

Phosphate heads and fatty acid tail

  • heads are hydrophilic (water loving )
  • tails are hydrophobic (water fearing ) bond to fat based molecules
19
Q

Fats influence on cells membrain

A

Fluidity and flexibility
Sat fat makes tight rigid
Polyunsaturated makes fluid

20
Q

Internal fluid of cell

A

Cytosol

21
Q

Mitochondria

A

Supply atp energy to cell

  • convert carb, fat, protein into energy
  • 95 % bodies energy
  • atp generation happens inner membrain - folds called cristae
22
Q

Reactive oxygen species

A

Substances formed byproduct of metabolism highly reactive because of un paired electron

When oxygen is consumed in Production of atp these are formed

Damage dna
Free radical

23
Q

Orginized structure of dna contains genes of organism

A

Chromosome

24
Q

Nucleus

A

Largest organelle I. Cell
Home of chromosome and dna
Tanscruption - mRNA built from dna molecule
Translation - form protein molecule based on info on mRNA

25
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Translates proteins , lined with ribosomes
Smooth and rough er
Smooth er no ribosomes : synthesize lipids steroid and cholesterol makes glycoproteins (membrain integrity has a carbohydrate group)
Rough er makes proteins

26
Q

Cisternae

A

In Golgi apparatus

Holding tanks stacked on eachother transports proteins

27
Q

Lysosomes

A

Contain enzymes break down cell components

Digest break down foreign organisms

28
Q

Peroxisome

A

Small sacs have enzymes (catalase and oxidase) detoxify harmful substance

Breaks down fat

Found in liver and kidney cells :
Cholesterol synth, bile acid breakdown, b-oxidation

29
Q

Receptor ligand bonding compex

A

Formed between chemical receptor and substance allow for further activity.

30
Q

Signal transduction.

A

Conversion one signal to another

Second messengers relays signal from extra cellular molecule, works inside the cell

Insulin example : eat high car , pancreas release insulin, ligand binds alters cell function

Ligand anything that binds to another chemical to form larger complex

31
Q

Transport proteins

A

Moves compounds across membrane

Allow passage of water soluble molecules in space inside and outside cell

32
Q

Two ways to have things cross plasma membrane

A

Facilitated defusion

Active transport

33
Q

Facilitated defusion

A

Requires carrier molecule

When a molecule can move on its own

34
Q

Active transport

A

Particles from area low concentration to high concentration energy enzymes needed for this

35
Q

Enzymes

A

Largest group of proteins

End in ‘ase’

Biological catalysts

Work by exposing active sites. To connect (scroll down)

Lock and key model (substrate fits with enzyme )
Induced fit model structure change to enzyme and substrate when close to make fit

PERCISION NUTRITION (5 decks)

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