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World History > 1st Semester Exam (McIntyre) > Flashcards

1st Semester Exam (McIntyre) Flashcards

0
Q

Five themes of geography (mr.help)

A
  1. Movement
  2. region
  3. Human environment interaction
  4. Location
  5. Place
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1
Q

5 things needed for civilization

A
  1. Advanced technology
  2. Advanced cities
  3. specialized workers
  4. Complex institutions
  5. Record keeping
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2
Q

Latitude (runs and measures)

A

Runs: e&w
Measures: n&s

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3
Q

Longitude (runs and measures)

A

Run: n&s
Measures: w&e

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4
Q

Time

A

24 time zones.

United States: pacific, mt, central, eastern

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5
Q

Prime meridian

A

On imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the south pole through Greenwich, England

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6
Q

4 oceans

A

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctica

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7
Q

7 continents

A

North America, South America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Europe

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8
Q

Neolithic revolution

A

People shift from food gathering to food producing

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9
Q

Nomad

A

A member of the group that has no permanent home, in search of food and water

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10
Q

Domestication

A

Taming of animals for human use

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11
Q

Cuneiform

A

Invented by Samarians. A system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols

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12
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

An ark of rich farmland between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea

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13
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Land between rivers (Tigris and Euphrates)

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14
Q

Polytheism

A

Belief in many gods

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15
Q

Empire

A

Political unit in which a number of people or countries that are controlled by a single ruler

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16
Q

Hammurabi

A

Creates a code of laws for the Babylonian empire

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17
Q

Restitution vs reconciliation

A

Restitution: an act of restoring to original condition or giving an equivalent or an injury

Reconciliation: to restore a friendship

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18
Q

Sumerians

A

One of the first groups of people that formed civilization

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19
Q

Silt

A

Rich new soil

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20
Q

Euphrates and Tigris

A

Rivers flooded once or more a year, leaving rich soil. Unpredictable And silt

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21
Q

Irrigation

A

Supply water to land or crops to help growth

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22
Q

Dynasty

A

A series of rulers from of family

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23
Q

City-state

A

A city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unit

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24
Q

Nile

A

4100 mile (longest in the world) River flowing through Egypt

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25
Q

Delta

A

100 mile before end of Nile, lower Egypt, formed by deposits of silt at mouth of a river

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26
Q

Theocracy

A

Government in which the ruler is viewed as defined figure

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27
Q

Mummification

A

A process in embalming dry corpse to prevent them from decaying

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28
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

Egyptian writing system in which pictures were used to represent ideas and sound

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29
Q

Pyramid

A

Burial places for old kingdom pharaohs

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30
Q

Monotheistic

A

The belief of one God

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31
Q

Pharaohs

A

King of Egypt considered a God as well as the political and military leader

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32
Q

Indian subcontinent

A

India, Pakistan, Bangladesh

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33
Q

Monsoon

A

A wind that shifts direction at certain times of each year

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34
Q

Harappa

A

Characterized by so sophisticated city planning located by the Indus River

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35
Q

Plumbing

A

In Indus valley engineers invented sophisticated plumbing

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36
Q

Loess

A

Fertile soil, looks like yellow silk from Haung He

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37
Q

Haung He

A

Yellow river

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38
Q

two rivers flown from Mountains west to Pacific ocean in China

A 
Yangtze (Chang jiang)
Yellow river (haung he)
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39
Q

Yangtze

A

Chang Jiang

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40
Q

Xia

A

First Chinese dynasty

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41
Q

Shang

A

Second dynasty 1700-1027 BC

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42
Q

Zhou (joe)

A

3rd dynasty 1027-256 Longest dynasty!!!!

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43
Q

Oracle bones

A

Animal bones and tortoise shell the Chinese priest had scratched questions for the gods

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44
Q

Mandate of heaven

A

Claim divine approval

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45
Q

Dynastic cycle

A

Pattern of rise, decline and replacement of dynasties

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46
Q

Feudalism

A

Political system in which lords are granted The use of land legally owned by the king

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47
Q

Qin

A

Replaces Zhou dynasty in 3rd century

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48
Q

Cast iron

A

During the Zhou dynasty, one of their innovations was blast furnaces that produced cast iron to create weapons & farm tools

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49
Q

Mahenjo-daro

A

Early Indus River civilization( also called Harrapan civilizations) that had innovative plumbing system close to the one created in the 1900s

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50
Q

Brahma

A

Creator of the universe

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51
Q

Vishnu

A

Preserves the universe

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52
Q

Shiva

A

Destroyer of the universe

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53
Q

Reincarnation

A

The process by which a soul is reborn continuously until it achieves perfect understanding

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54
Q

Karma

A

The good and the bad deeds performed by a person, which is believed to determine his or her fate after rebirth

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55
Q

Enlightenment

A

A state of perfect wisdom and which one understands basic truth about the universe

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56
Q

Jainism

A

Values all life

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57
Q

Siddhartha Gautama

A

Founder of Buddhism

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58
Q

Vedas

A

Means knowledge, written to educate priest about rituals

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59
Q

Caste system

A

Division of social rank and tasks developed by Aryans during conquest

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60
Q

List the 5 Caste systems

A 
Brahmins - priest 
Kshatriyas- warrior  
Vaishyas- merchants
Shudras- peasants/ unskilled workers 
Untouchable- outcaste
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61
Q

Aryans

A

White

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62
Q

Dharam

A

Teachings

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63
Q

Nirvana

A

An awakening to the truth

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64
Q

Buddhism

A

Fonder- Buddha

Quite prayer, karma, reincarnation

65
Q

Hinduism

A

Sacred animal- cow

Polytheistic, oldest religions, yoga

66
Q

Indo-Europeans

A

A group of people began to migrate to the Indian subcontinent (white)

67
Q

Ganesh

A

God of wisdom and good luck

The son of shiva

68
Q

Torah

A

The first five books of the Hebrew bible

69
Q

Covenant

A

A mutual promise or agreement

70
Q

Moses

A

The man who led the Israelites out of slavery

71
Q

Israel

A

A kingdom of the United Israelites last from about 1020 to 922 BC; now the Jewish homeland

72
Q

Abraham

A

To be father of the Hebrew people

73
Q

Monotheistic

A

Believing in one God

74
Q

Solomon

A

Build the temple

75
Q

Kind David

A

Establishes Jerusalem as the capital

76
Q

Warring states period

A

Zhou falls: Confucius, Daoism, legalism

77
Q

Varna

A

Skin color (Aryana’s were lighter)

78
Q

8 fold path

A 
Know the truth 
Say nothing to hurt others 
Practice meditation 
Control your thoughts 
Resist evil 
Free your mind from evil
Work for the goods of others 
Respect life
79
Q

Ark of the covenant

A

Contained the tablets of Moses law

80
Q

Saul

A

Success in driving out the philistines from the central hills. Portrayed in the Hebrew bible as a tragic man, who was given to bouts of jealousy

81
Q

Confucius

A

China’s most influential scholar

82
Q

Daoism

A

Taught that people should be guided by a universal forced called the dao (the way)

83
Q

Legalism

A

Qin shi hanugdi
Strict
Burns the analects
Great Wall of china

84
Q

Shi huangdi

A

First emperor

85
Q

Qin dynasty

A

Replaces the Zhou dynasty in the 3rd century

86
Q

Autocracy

A

Government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner

87
Q

Bureaucracy

A

System of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of government

88
Q

Filial piety

A

Respect shown by children of their parents and elders

89
Q

Yin and yang

A

Chinese thought, the two powers that govern the natural rhythms of life

90
Q

Analects

A

Confucius spent the remainder of his life teaching. His students later collected his words in a book called the analects (Confucius book)

91
Q

Civil service exam

A

To serve in the government

92
Q

Great Wall of china

A

Created in Qin on the backs of peasants

93
Q

Impacts of Greece geography

A

Sea-lack of resources encourage sea travel and trade

Lack of fertile land leads to small population

Mountains: polis because Greece is not unified

94
Q

Dorians

A

Move into Greece after the Mycenaeans civilization collapses and they are dumb, can’t read and write

95
Q

Homer

A

Blind storyteller

96
Q

Acropolis

A

A fortified hilltop in an Ancient Greek city

97
Q

Phalanx

A

Feared by all, formation of soldiers with Spears, shields

98
Q

Oligarchy

A

Rule by small group of powerful merchants and artisans

99
Q

Pericles and his 3 goals

A
  1. Pay politicians: to strengthen democracy
  2. Strength the Athens empire: make navy bigger
  3. Glorifying Athens
100
Q

Peloponnesian war (Athens vs Sparta)

A

Lasting from 431 to 404 BC, in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies

101
Q

Polis

A

City-state

102
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato, uses rules of logic for argument tutors 13-year old prince Alexander the Great

103
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Smart, the Iliad under his pillow, his focus was more about conquering and not governing

104
Q

Hellenistic period

A

Greek blended with Egyptian, Persian, Indian

105
Q

Alexandria

A

Egyptian city becomes center of Hellenistic civilization

106
Q

Athens (characteristics, gov, citizen)

A

Characteristics: education, creative, Value individual, open minded
Gov: democracy
Citizens: only native-born, property-owning males are citizens

107
Q

Sparta

A

Spartan values: duty, strength, not individuality, discipline over freedom. Also has the most powerful army in Greece

108
Q

Persian war (Greece vs Persia)

A

The series of wars in the 5th century BC, in which Greek city states battled the Persian empire. (Athens and Sparta worked together defeating Persians realizing they were more powerful when they are one)

109
Q

Mycenae

A

An indo-European person settled on the Greek mainland around 2000bc

110
Q

Hoptiles

A

The foot soldiers of this army stood side by side, each holding a spear in one hand and a shield in the other

111
Q

Tyranny

A

A nation under cruel and oppressive government

112
Q

Darius

A

Kind of Persia, Alexander the Great defeats Persia again and forces him to flee

113
Q

Xerxes

A

Darius the great’s son and successor , assembled an enormous invasion force to crush Athens (300 Spartans hold them for 3 days)

114
Q

Pheidippides

A

Builds the Parthenon- a large temple to honor goddess Athena and within the temple he crafts a 30 foot statue of Athena

115
Q

Guru

A

Teacher (yoga, spiritual)

116
Q

Parthenon

A

A large temple to honor goddess Athena

117
Q

Athena

A

Goddess of wisdom

118
Q

Allegory of the cave

A

All these prisoners in a cave and sees shadows thinking they are true and man comes out and can’t see and goes and sees that there is a big world out there and comes and frees the other prisoners and they can’t see and are in pain from the light so they murder him

119
Q

Monarchy

A

type of gov led by a king

120
Q

Aristocracy

A

Type of gov led by nobles or aristocrats

121
Q

Democracy (indirect and direct)

A

Indirect- people vote for representative and the representatives make decisions (republic)
Direct- people vote on every specific issue

122
Q

Helots

A

In Sparta, peasants forced to stay on the land they worked on (basically slaves)

123
Q

Archimedes

A

Hellenistic scientist, studied at Alexandria, invented screw, pi, and buoyancy (makes boats float)

124
Q

Odysseus

A

Fought in the Trojan war, famous poem written by homer about his 10 year journey back from the Trojan war

125
Q

Ptolemy

A

After Alexander’s death, he took over Egypt, declared himself pharaoh and established a dynasty

126
Q

Greek theater

A

Drama comedy and tragedy

127
Q

Plato

A

Taught by Socrates, wrote the republic

128
Q

The republic

A

Book written by Plato, said to be about Socrates

129
Q

Minoans

A

Lived in Greece, specifically Crete at very beginning

130
Q

Socrates

A

Believed in absolute standards for truth and justice. He was a “gadfly” to the gov. He got tried when he was 70 for corrupting the cities youth and neglecting the gods. He was put to death by hemlock

131
Q

Philip II

A

King of Macedonia, father of Alexander, took over Greece and was the first person to use phalanx

132
Q

Epicureanism

A

Made by Epicurus: based upon 5 senses, live for the now, achieve harmony of body and mind. NO POLITICS

133
Q

Stoicism

A

Made by zeno: live harmoniously with the will of God or the natural laws

134
Q

Trojan war (Mycenaeans (Greek) vs Trojans)

A

A Greek army destroyed Troy because Trojan prince had kidnapped Helen Greeks give Trojans a horse…..Greek wins

135
Q

Helen

A

Beautiful wife of the Greek king

136
Q

Golden age

A

Strengthened democracy
Beautiful Athens
Strengthened empire

137
Q

Punic wars (Rome and Carthage)

A

1st- over the control of Sicily lasting 23 years
2nd- Hannibal led army and elephants through the alps to the back of Rome and caused a lot of destruction until Scorpio planned to attack Carthage and Hannibal had to retreat to protect his city
3rd- Rome destroyed Carthage completely and sold the people to slavery
ROME WON ALL 3

138
Q

Tribunes

A

Representatives elected by the plebeians that protect fairness

139
Q

Plebeians

A

Common farmers and majority of the population in Rome

140
Q

Barbarians

A

What Romans called anyone that was not Rome, including the Huns led by Attila

141
Q

Christianity

A

Started when Christ died, monotheistic

142
Q

Gladiators

A

Professional fighters who fought to the death in public

143
Q

Republic

A

Indirect democracy

144
Q

Jesus

A

Born in Bethlehem, taught public ministry, followed by 12 disciples, became a threat to roman leaders and was crucified

145
Q

Aqueducts

A

Made by roman engineers to bring water into cities and town

146
Q

1st Triumvirate

A

Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus

147
Q

2nd Triumvirate

A

Lepidus, mark Anthony, and Octavian

148
Q

Dictator

A

All powerful ruler when crisis arises

149
Q

Pax Romana

A

“Roman peace” started when Octavian ruled and ended when Marcus Aurelius died

150
Q

Octavian (Augustus)

A

Forced Lepidus to retire then mark Anthony fell in love with cleopatra and they combined armies, Octavian said mark Anthony was going to rule from Egypt and civil war broke out but Octavian won and was called Augustus meAning “the exalted one”

151
Q

The colosseum

A

From “colossus” meaning gigantic, where gladiators fought, sports stadiums today are modeled after them

152
Q

Constantine

A

Fighting a battle and prayed for help from Jesus, saw a cross and put it on his soldiers shields and won the battle, end of Christian persecution, next emperor theodolites made christianity the official religion of Rome

153
Q

Diocletian

A

Emperor after Pax Romana, split Rome into eastern(Greek speaking) and western (Latin speaking) and took over eastern Rome and the western had a co ruler

154
Q

Constantinople

A

Capital of Byzantine empire, moved by Constantine

155
Q

Attila the Hun

A

Leader of the barbarians and huns, led attacks on Rome but lost

156
Q

Patricians

A

Wealthy landowners who held most of the power

157
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Controlled France, marched his armies into Rome, Pompey fled, beat pompeys army and was named dictator for life. He was very popular. Senators were worried so his bff Marcus brus and others killed him. Death ends the roman republic

158
Q

Islam

A

Submission to the will of allah, a religion based on Allah and Quran
Jesus is a prophet

159
Q

Muslim

A

One who has submitted. Follower of Islam

160
Q

Torah

A

First five books of the Bible that is Jewish written law/Bible

World History (9 decks)

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