Semester 2 Final

Question 1

Shi’ites (shi’a)

Answer 1

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad

Question 2

Sunni

Answer 2

The branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successor

Question 3

4 rightly guided caliphs

Answer 3

1. Abu Bakr
2. Umar
3. Uthman
4. Ali (related to all)

Question 4

Abu bakr

Answer 4

First caliph because was a Friend of Muhammad,

Question 5

Dome of the rock

Answer 5

Shrine where Muhammad went to heaven with Gabriel and received his message which would in the future be the Quran, contains the foundation stone

Question 6

Koran

Answer 6

Book that is center of Muslim religion, written by Muhammad through Gabriel, monotheistic

Question 7

5 pillars of Islam.

Answer 7

Faith- 1 God Allah 
Prayer- 6x day towards Mecca 
Alms giving- charity
Pilgrimage- journey to Mecca once in your lifetime 
Fasting-

Question 8

Mecca

Answer 8

Muhammad grows up here, contains Kaaba, religiously mixed city in the beginning. In the middle of Silk Road trade routes

Question 9

Muhammad

Answer 9

Born in 570 AD as an orphan raised by grandfather, trader on silk roads, marries trade owner, goes in cave, sees Gabriel, gets Devine testimony and preaches his word, last prophet dies in 632

Question 10

Ka’aba

Answer 10

Large square building in Mecca, with meteorite in it (used to have idols in it), supposed to reflect a house in heaven, made by Adam and Abraham. Housed 360 idols and had to pay money to get into this building.

Question 11

Schism

Answer 11

Means “split” from Eastern Orthodox and holy Roman Catholic

Question 12

Alexis 1

Answer 12

Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church, leader of Constantinople, was fighting the Turks and ask pope urban 2 from holy roman church to help and all the Christians come together to fight the crusades.

Question 13

Crusades

Answer 13

A holy war Muslims vs Christians for the holy city of Jerusalem
1st; Christians win
2nd : Muslims win
3rd: tie= no win, a lot of bloodshed, no land won

Question 14

Seljuk Turks

Answer 14

Pepole that were slaved by the Abbasid Muslims but took them over and fought the Byzantine empire and created a little empire over by turkey where they still live now

Question 15

Humanism

Answer 15

An art style that is based of classic roman and Greek ideas, which focuses on human

Question 16

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 16

Wrote the prince which is about the imperfect conduct of humansn

Question 17

Johannes Gutenberg

Answer 17

He recreated a Chinese block printing device but it was too slow and made it movable, along with pressing blocks altogether simultaneously on one page.
First book printed: bible
Importance: spreading and questioning ideas

Question 18

Indulgences

Answer 18

One main problem with the church in the Renaissance where you pay money for the church to pardon your sins and gets u into heaven

Question 19

Martin Luther

Answer 19

Friar who starts reformation by writing the 95 these saying statements of what the church is doing wrong, posting them on the church, being copied and everyone following the ideas.

Question 20

95 theses

Answer 20

taught: salvation through faith (no $) teaching need to be based on the bible, all ppl are equal (no priest)

Results: Pope Leo threatened to excommunicate him, and does. Also created religion Lutherans.

Question 21

Edict of worms

Answer 21

When the Catholics meet and decided to outlaw Luther and declares him a heretic which led him to being sheltered by prince Fredrick

Question 22

Excommunication

Answer 22

Banishment from the church which denies salvation

Question 23

John Calvin

Answer 23

Wrote: institutes of the Christian religion created Calvinism

• only the elect go to heaven
• predestination
• government controlled by religious leader
• very strict morals
• started in Switzerland

Question 24

Predestination

Answer 24

God already knows what your gonna do, it’s fated, and already determined if your going or not going to heaven