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Fall 2015 Nursing School > 319 Final > Flashcards

319 Final Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

WBC too high (7)

A 
Infection, bacterial 
Inflammation 
Tissue death 
Allergies 
Asthma 
Intense exercise 
Leukemia
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2
Q

WBC too low (4)

A

Severe infection
Sepsis
Bone marrow issues
Autoimmune diseases

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3
Q

Nutophils too high/low

A

Same indications as general WBC count

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4
Q

Bands, aka…

A

Immature neutrophils

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5
Q

Are low bands/immature neutrophils a problem?

A

No

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6
Q

High Bands (3)

A

Acute infection
“a shift to the left “
Acute inflammation

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7
Q

Low Lymphocytes (4)

A

Autoimmune disease

Immunosuppression

Bone marrow damage

Corticosteroids

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8
Q

High lymphocytes (5)

A

Viral infection

Sometimes bacterial infection

Toxoplasmosis

Chronic inflammation

Some leukemias

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9
Q

Low monocytes (2)

A

Immunosuppression

Bone marrow failure

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10
Q

High monocytes (3)

A

Chronic infection

Autoimmune

Some leukemias

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11
Q

Eosinophils are only a concern when levels are

A

High

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12
Q

High Eosinophils (4)

A

Parasitic infections

Allergies

Asthma

Inflammatory disorders

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13
Q

Basophils matter when they are high because (1)

A

Acute allergic reaction

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14
Q

If RBC, hmc, hemoglobin are too high (1)

A

Polycythemia

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15
Q

If RBC, hmc, hemoglobin are too low (4)

A

Blood loss

Underproduction from bone marrow

Early elimination of RBCs

Destruction of RBCs

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16
Q

What is the MCV test for?

A

Size of RBC

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17
Q

Low MCV and MCH indicates (1)

A

Microcytic RBC

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18
Q

Microcytic RBCs indicate (2)

A

Iron deficiency

Lead poisoning

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19
Q

High MCV and MCH is called

A

Macrocytic RBC

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20
Q

Macrocytic RBC indicates

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Aplastic anemia

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21
Q

MCH test measures

A

Weight of RBC

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22
Q

Normal serum osmolarity

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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23
Q

Three tests that help determine osmolarity

A

Sodium

BUN

Glucose

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24
Q

Low specific gravity means the urine is

A

Dilute

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25
Normal sodium range
135-145 mEq/L
26
Normal potassium range
3.5-5 mEq/L
27
Normal magnesium range
1.8-2.5 mEq/L
28
Normal calcium range
8.5-10.5 mg/dl
29
Normal phosphorus range
2.5-4.5 mg/dl
30
With the elderly, infection typically shows less
Fever
31
What indicates infection in the elderly? (3)
Confusion Falls Incontinence
32
The elderly have decreased pain and temperature sensation, but their actual body is more sensitive to
Heat and cold
33
Signs of breathing problems (4)
Restlessness Altered Mental Status Increased respiratory rate Increased work of breathing
34
For reflux or hiatal hernia,
Elevate the head of the bed
35
The Join Commission (TJC) has policies about documenting
Violence
36
It is mandatory to report abuse of (2)
Elders Children
37
Violence Documentation must have (5)
Date and time Patient narrative including name of abuser History of previous abuse Description of physical injuries Providers assessment/recommendations/referrals
38
Nursing assessment for violence (5)
Any "yes" answers How recent? How serious? Injuries sustained Denial or minimization
39
Physical Exam (3)
Head to toe INSPECTION Identify injuries Genital exam for report of sexual abuse
40
Photographing injuries complements documentation but requires
Verbal and written consent
41
For photography...(6)
Photo that identifies pt Medium range photo that gives location Close up for detail Ruler Date time initial Chain of custody
42
Tear-like wound
Laceration
43
Small red or purple dots caused by minor hemorrhage
Petechiae
44
Deeper than it is wide
Stab wound
45
Normally, breast development begins between
10-11 years old
46
What 2 groups begin breast development earlier?
African American Obese
47
Range of time for woman to reach full sexual development
1.5-6 years
48
After menopause ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreases causing
Breast glandular tissue to atrophy
49
When the breast glandular tissue atrophies it is replaced by
Fibrous connective tissue
50
The breast also lose adipose tissue beginning in
Middle years
51
The atrophy of the breast make the inner structures more
Palpable
52
Breasts during pregnancy (3)
Enlargement Darker nipple and areola Colostrum
53
During pregnancy, when does colostrum form?
After 12 weeks
54
When does lactation begin?
3 days postpartum
55
Breast engorgement occurs during
Lactation
56
Breast inspection (6)
Lump Skin changes Pulled in nipple Redness/rash Dimpling Dripping
57
BSE should be done...
4-10 days after the start of menses
58
How often should BSE be performed by postmenopausal women?
Monthly
59
Infant males may produce
Witch's milk
60
Gynecomastia is normal in male
Adolescents
61
Lymphatics of the breasts (8)
``` Supraclavicular Infraclavicular Interpectoral Parasternal Lateral Central Subscapular Pectoral ```
62
Testes descend during
3rd trimester or early postnatal
63
Testes enlarge between ages
9.5-13.5
64
Male sexual maturity by age
17.5
65
Although erectile function declines with age,
Desire is usually still present
66
Male inspection (4)
Hair distribution Penis Scrotum Inguinal hernia
67
Male palpation (4)
Penile shaft Herniation teste tenderness, nodules, and texture of skin Palpate anal sphincter for tone
68
Warning signs of testicular cancer (5)
Lump Feeling of heaviness Enlargement Change in testical feel to touch Sudden fluid/blood accumulation in scrotum
69
Testicular lumps are (3)
Small, pea sized Hard Painless

Fall 2015 Nursing School (17 decks)

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