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Anatomy > Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity I > Flashcards

Exam #4: Abdominal Cavity I Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the esophagus pass through the diaphragm? Where should the esophagogastric junction be in relation?

A
  • Esophageal hiatus

- Inferior

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2
Q

What is the most superior portion of the stomach?

A

Fundus

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3
Q

Where does the food bolus enter the stomach?

A

Cardiac portion

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4
Q

Gastrohepatic Ligament

A

Part of the lesser omentum connecting the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach

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5
Q

How many parts are there of the duodenum? Are these parts intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A
  • 5 parts
  • 1st & 5th parts are intraperitoneal
  • 2nd-4th parts are secondarily retroperitoneal
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6
Q

Is the jejunum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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7
Q

Is the ileum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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8
Q

What three characteristics distinguish the large intestine from the small intestine?

A

1) Taenia coli
2) Haustra
3) Epiploic appendages

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9
Q

Houstra

A

Pouches along the large intestine

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10
Q

Tenia Coli

A

3 separate longitudinal ribbons of smooth muscle running the large intestine

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11
Q

Is the cecum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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12
Q

Is the ascending colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

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13
Q

What forms the right paracolic gutter?

A

Ascending colon (space between the abdominal wall & the colon)

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14
Q

Is the transverse colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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15
Q

What forms the left paracolic gutter?

A

Descending colon

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16
Q

Is the descending colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal

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17
Q

Is the sigmoid colon intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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18
Q

Are the anus & rectum intraperitoneal, primarily retroperitoneal, or secondarily retroperitoneal?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal

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19
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?

A

1) Left gastric artery (proximal lesser curvature of stomach)
2) Splenic artery (spleen)
3) Common hepatic artery (liver)

20
Q

What are the three branches of the splenic artery? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?

A

1) Pancreatic arteries (pancreas)
2) Short gastric arteries (stomach)
3) Left gastro-omental artery/ gastroepiploic (left side of greater curvature)

21
Q

What are the three branches of the common hepatic artery? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?

A

1) Gastroduodenal artery
2) Right gastric artery (right lesser curvature of the stomach)
3) Proper hepatic artery

22
Q

What are the three branches of the gastroduodenal artery? What are these individual arteries supplying oxygenated blood to?

A

1) Right gastro-omental/ gastroepiploic artery (right side of the greater curvature)
2) Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (stomach, pancreas & duodenum)
3) Supraduodenal artery (superior duodenum)

23
Q

What are the branches of the proper hepatic artery?

A

1) Right hepatic artery

2) Left hepatic artery

24
Q

What artery supplies blood to the gallbladder? Where does it usually branch off of?

A

Cystic artery, from the right hepatic artery

25
Q

What arteries branch off the SMA?

A

1) Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (head of pancreas & duodenum)
2) Intestinal branches (jejunum & ileum)
3) Ileocolic artery (distal ileum & cecum)
4) R. colic artery (ascending colon)
5) Middle colic artery (transverse colon)
6) Marginal artery

26
Q

What are the branches of the IMA?

A

1) Left colic artery (descending colon)
2) Sigmoid artery (sigmoid colon)
3) Superior rectal arteries (proximal rectum)

27
Q

If the right right gastro-omental artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Left gastro-omental artery

- Greater curvature of the stomach

28
Q

If the left gastro-omental artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Right gastro-omental artery

- Greater curvature of the stomach

29
Q

If the right gastric artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Left gastric artery

- Lesser curvature of the stomach

30
Q

If the left gastric artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Right gastric artery

- Lesser curvature of the stomach

31
Q

If the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (SMA)

- Pancreas & duodenum

32
Q

If the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (celiac trunk) & jejunal arteries
  • Pancreas & duodenum
33
Q

If the jejunal arteries are blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

- Jejunum

34
Q

What arteries does the marginal artery connect?

A

1) Ileocolic
2) Right colic
3) Middle colic (all SMA)
4) Left colic (IMA)

35
Q

If the superior rectal arteries are blocked, what artery anastomoses with it & “takes over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Middle & inferior rectal arteries

- Rectum

36
Q

If the middle & inferior rectal arteries are blocked, what arteries anastomose with it & “take over” blood supply? What region is affected?

A
  • Superior rectal

- Rectum

37
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood from the gut pass through before entering the IVC?

A

Hepatic portal system

38
Q

What are the three main branches of the hepatic portal system?

A

Splenic vein (foregut)
Superior mesenteric vein (midgut)
Inferior mesenteric vein (hindgut)

39
Q

What is portal hypertension & what is the cause? What are the clinically relevant consequences?

A

Portal hypertension= liver disease–> increased resistance through the liver–>blood “finds alternate route” via

1) Esophagus–>esophageal varices
2) Rectum–> internal hemorrhoids
3) Umbilicus–> caput medusa
4) Colon

40
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the foregut.

A
  • Arise from T5-T9
  • Presynaptics pass through sympathetic chain & greater splanchnic nerve
  • Synapse at celiac ganglia
  • Postsynaptics follow branches of the celiac trunk
41
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut.

A
  • Arise from brain
  • Pass through vagus nerve (X), celiac plexus, & follow branches of celiac trunk to target organs
  • Synapse in ganglia in gut plexus
  • Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers
42
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the midgut.

A
  • Arise from T10-T12
  • Presynaptics pass through sympathetic trunk & lesser/least splanchnic nerves
  • Synapse at superior mesenteric ganglion
  • Postsynaptics follow branches of the SMA to targets
43
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the midgut.

A
  • Arise from brain
  • Pass through vagus nerve (X), superior mesenteric plexus, & follow branches of SMA to target organs
  • Synapse in ganglia in gut plexus
  • Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers
44
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the hindgut.

A
  • Arise from L1-L2
  • Presynaptics pass through sympathetic trunk & lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1 & L2)
  • Synapse at inferior mesenteric ganglion
  • Postsynaptics follow branches of the IMA to targets
45
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the hindgut.

A
  • Arise from S2-S4 spinal levels
  • Pass through sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4), pelvic splanchnic nerves, cranially–> hypogastric plexus & caudally–>inferior mesenteric plexus, & follow branches of IMA to target organs
  • Synapse in ganglia in gut plexus
  • Postsynaptics reach targets via short postsynaptic fibers

Anatomy (35 decks)

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