Exam #3: Heart I

Question 1

What is the Pericardium? Where does it attach & what does it contain?

Answer 1

• Double-walled fibroserous sac around the heart
• Attached to the sternum
• Contains the phrenic nerve

Question 2

What is the Fibrous Pericardium?

Answer 2

• Fuses the pericardium to the central tendon of the diaphragm (anchor)
• V. inelastic/ thick

Question 3

What is the Serous Pericardium?

Answer 3

• Thin capillary layer of oily fluid that prevents friction

Question 4

What is the Parietal Pericardium?

Answer 4

Fused to the internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

Question 5

What is the Visceral Pericardium?

Answer 5

Epicardium

Question 6

What is the Pericardial Cavity?

Answer 6

• Potential space between the parietal pericardium and visceral layer
• Contains a supply of serous fluid

Question 7

Transverse Pericardial Sinus

Answer 7

• Located posterior to the aorta & pulmonary trunk, but anterior to the SVC
• A space where a finger can be inserted
• Attachment point for CABG

Question 8

Oblique Pericardial Sinus

Answer 8

• A wide recess posterior to the heart

- Anterior to the SVC, IVC, & pulmonary veins

Question 9

Pericardiocentesis

Answer 9

• Insert needle into infrasternal angle (left of xiphoid process) or lingula to drain the pericardial sac in cardiac tamponade

Question 10

Pericardial Effusion

Answer 10

Fluid accumulation in the percaridal sac

Question 11

Apex

Answer 11

• Left Ventricle
• Located @ the left 5th intercostal space
• Midclavicular line

Question 12

Base

Answer 12

• Posterior portion of the heart that sits toward the vertebral column
• Esophagus is just posterior between heart & thoracic vertebrae
• Left atrium & sinus venarum

Question 13

Sinus Venarum

Answer 13

Smooth portion of the right ventricle

Question 14

Sternocostal Surface

Answer 14

• Anterior surface of the heart

- Right ventricle (sits just posterior to the sternum)

Question 15

Diaphragmatic Surface

Answer 15

• Portion of the heart that sits on the central tendon

- Left ventricle mostly, w/ minor contribution from the right ventricle

Question 16

Right Border

Answer 16

• Right 3rd costal cartilage to right 6th costal cartilage

- Right atrium

Question 17

Inferior Border

Answer 17

• Right 6th costal cartilage to left 5th intercostal space

- Right ventricle & apex of left ventricle

Question 18

Left Border

Answer 18

• Left 5th intercostal space to left 2nd intercostal space

- Left ventricle & left auricle

Question 19

Superior Border

Answer 19

• Left 2nd costal cartilage to right 3rd costal cartilage

- Left & Right Auricle

Question 20

Left Auricle

Answer 20

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Question 21

Conus Arteriosus

Answer 21

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Question 22

Right Auricle

Answer 22

• Ear-like conical muscular pouch that projects from the right atrium
• Increases the capacity of the right atrium

Question 23

Coronary Sulcus

Answer 23

• Atrioventricular (groove between the atria & ventricles)

- Coronary arteries sit in this groove

Question 24

Anterior Interventircular Groove

Answer 24

• Groove between the right & left ventricles (anterior)

- Deep structure is the interventricular septum

Question 25

Posterior Interventricular Groove

Answer 25

- Groove between the right & left ventricles | - Sits on the diaphragmatic surface

Question 26

Opened Right Atrium

Answer 26

- Superior & Inferior Vena Cava - Sinus Venarum - Crista Terminalis - Pectinate Muscles - Interatrial Septum - Fossa Ovalis - Opening for the coronary sinus - Tricuspid Valve

Question 27

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 27

Blood draining into the heart from superior to the diaphragm

Question 28

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 28

Blood draining into the heart from inferior to the diaphragm

Question 29

Sinus Venarum

Answer 29

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Question 30

Crista Terminalis

Answer 30

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Question 31

Pectinate Muscles

Answer 31

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Question 32

Interatrial Septum

Answer 32

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Question 33

Fossa Ovalis

Answer 33

Only seen in the RA

Question 34

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 34

Valve between the RA & RV

Question 35

Chordae Tendineae

Answer 35

Tendons of the tricuspid valve

Question 36

Papillary Muscle

Answer 36

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Question 37

Conus Arteriosus

Answer 37

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Question 38

Semilunar Valve

Answer 38

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Question 39

Moderator Band

Answer 39

Specialized muscle cells that conduct the cardiac impulses

Question 40

Describe the surface of the left atrium.

Answer 40

- Very smooth w/ few pectinate muscles

Question 41

Bicuspid Valve

Answer 41

- Mitral Valve | - Opening from the LA to LV

Question 42

Aortic Vestibule

Answer 42

- Outflow part of the left ventricle - Area just prior to the aortic semilunar valves is the most clinically significant part b/c it is the thinnest--> most common area for VSD

Question 43

Trabeculae Carneae

Answer 43

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Question 44

Semilunar Valve

Answer 44

Aortic | Pulmonary

Question 45

What causes heart sounds?

Answer 45

Blood flow hitting a closed valve

Question 46

Lub Sound

Answer 46

- AV valves (tricuspid & mitral) | - Inflow

Question 47

Dub

Answer 47

- Semilunar valves | - Outflow

Question 48

Pulmonic Valve

Answer 48

- Right ventricle into the pulmonary artery | - Stethoscope at Left 2nd intercostal space

Question 49

Aortic Valve

Answer 49

- Left ventricle into the aorta | - Stethoscope at right 2nd intercostal space

Question 50

Mitral Valvue

Answer 50

- Left atrium to the left ventricle | - Stethoscope at apex/ left 5th intercostal space

Question 51

Tricuspid Valve

Answer 51

- Right atrium to right ventricle | - Stethoscope at right sternal border