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GI > 1-5 Abdominal Organization and Peritoneum > Flashcards

1-5 Abdominal Organization and Peritoneum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lines that are used to divide the surface abdomen into 9 parts? What’s the orientation?

A

Vertical - 2 midclavicular lines

Horizontal -
subcostal line - inferior to 10th rib
transtubercular line - passes through tubercles of iliac crests

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2
Q

What is the orientation of the lines that divide the surface of the abdomen into quadrants?

A

2 perpendicular lines which intersect at the umbilicus

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3
Q

What are the limits of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A 
Thoracoabdominal diaphragm (superior)
(pelvic brim in between)
Pelvic diaphragm (inferior)
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4
Q

What are the connective in the abdominopelvic cavity? (superficial to deep)

A
  1. Transversalis fascia
  2. Extraperitoneal connective tissue
  3. Peritoneum
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5
Q

What does transversalis fascia line?

A

Entire abdominopelvic cavity - doesn’t extend into mesenteries

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6
Q

What attaches viscera to posterior abdominal wall?

A

Mesenteries

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7
Q

What does extraperitoneal connective tissue line? What is the tissue made up of?

A

Underlies all visceral peritoneum - AKA subserous fascia

Loose areolar and fatty layer
- between transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

What does the peritoneum line? What does it support?

A

A mesothelial layer (simple squamous epithelium of mesodermal origin)

lines the abdominopelvic cavity (parietal)

covers the organs suspended within it and forms all mesenteries (visceral)

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9
Q

What is the serosa in the peritoneum? Where is it secreted, and what is it’s purpose?

A

Mesothelium along with an accompanying layer of submesothelial connective tissue form a serosa which secretes a thin, watery fluid (serous fluid) that reduces friction between opposing peritoneal surfaces

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10
Q

Is the peritoneum an open or closed sac?

A

Closed - the abdominal organs are pushed into it and suspended

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11
Q

What is the area within the peritoneal sac? What are the contents?

A

The area within the peritoneal sac is referred to as the peritoneal cavity and its only normal content is serous fluid.

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12
Q

In what cavity are abdominal organs housed?

A

abdominal cavity

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13
Q

How is the peritoneal cavity divided?

A

greater and lesser peritoneal sac

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14
Q

What does the greater sac of the peritoneum include?

A

The greater sac includes all areas within the peritoneal cavity except the area housed within the omental bursa

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15
Q

What are mesenteries? What is another name for them? What do they often contain?

A

Mesenteries are duplications of peritoneum which are reflected against one another (two layers) as parietal peritoneum transitions into visceral peritoneum

often referred to as peritoneal ligaments

possess a core of extraperitoneal CT in which vessels, nerves and lymphatics course to and from organs

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16
Q

What are peritonealized or intraperitoneal organs?

A

Organs covered and suspended by a mesentery

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17
Q

What are organs that are covered by peritoneum on one surface?

A

retroperitoneal, extraperitoneal or subperitoneal

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18
Q

How are retroperitoneal organs suspended?

A

Retroperitoneal structures are affixed directly to the posterior abdominal wall and are not suspended by a mesentery

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19
Q

What are primary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Primarily retroperitoneal are organs which originally developed in a retroperitoneal position, i.e. kidney

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20
Q

What are secondary retroperitoneal organs? What are some secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Secondarily retroperitoneal are organs which were originally peritonealized, but upon fixation to the posterior body wall during development, became retroperitoneal

Includes: duodenum, ascending and descending colon

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21
Q

How is the abdominopelvic cavity compartmentalized in a general sense? What divides it?

A

The abdominopelvic peritoneal cavity is divided transversely at the level of the transverse colon into supracolic and infracolic compartments by the passage of the transverse mesocolon

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22
Q

Where is the infracolic compartment?

A

Peritonealized area directly inferior to the transverse colon and its associated mesocolon

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23
Q

What does the infracolic compartment house?

A

small intestine

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24
Q

What divides the infracolic compartment?

A

Subdivided into right and left infracolic compartments by the passage of the mesentery proper

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25
Q

What are the boundaries of the right infracolic compartment?

A

Superior: Transverse colon and its mesocolon
Right: Ascending colon
Left: Right side of the root of the mesentery Inferiorly: Root of the mesentery and cecum

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26
Q

What are the boundaries of the left infracolic compartment?

A

Superior: Transverse colon and its mesocolon
Right: Left side of the root of the mesentery Left: Descending colon
Inferior: Sigmoid colon

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27
Q

What are the paracolic gutters? Where are they located?

A

Paired, right and left areas of the infracolic compartment which exist lateral to the ascending and descending colon

28
Q

What does the right paracolic gutter communicate with?

A

communicates above with the hepatorenal recess and the pelvic peritoneal cavity below

29
Q

What does the left paracolic gutter communicate with?

A

closed superiorly by the phrenicocolic ligament and opens inferiorly to the pelvic peritoneal cavity

30
Q

Where is the supracolic compartment?

A

Peritonealized area between the thoracoabdominal diaphragm and the transverse colon and its associated mesocolon

31
Q

What are the contents of the supracolic compartment?

A

Contains the stomach, spleen, liver, gall bladder, and part one of the duodenum

32
Q

What further subdivides the supracolic compartment?

A

Further subdivided by the lesser omentum thereby forming the omental bursa

33
Q

What is the dorsal mesentary, in a functional sense?

A

Attachments of the gut to the posterior body wall

34
Q

What is the greater omentum? What is it an extension of?

A

Extension of dorsal mesentery from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum

35
Q

Where is the greater omentum located? What does it cover and what does it become?

A

Extends anteriorly over the small intestine, loops back to the transverse colon where it fuses with itself to form the gastrocolic ligament

36
Q

What is the gastrocolic ligament made out of?

A

Greater omentum

37
Q

What does the greater omentum house?

A

Houses the inferior recess of the lesser peritoneal sac

38
Q

What 5 ligaments arise from the mesentery?

A 
Gastrophrenic ligament
Gastrosplenic ligament
Phrenicosplenic ligament
Splenorenal ligament
Phrenicocolic ligament
39
Q

What does the gastrophrenic ligament connect?

A

fundus of stomach to diaphragm

40
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?

A

greater curvature of stomach to spleen

41
Q

What does the phrenicosplenic ligament connect?

A

diaphragm to superolateral portion of the spleen

42
Q

What does the splenorenal ligament connect?

A

hilum of spleen to superior pole of left kidney

43
Q

What does the phrenicocolic ligament connect? What does it do?

A

from diaphragm to the left colic flexure

Supports the spleen
Prevents ascites from entering the supracolic compartment via the left paracolic gutter

44
Q

What does the mesentery proper attach to?

A

posterior abdominal wall to the jejunum and ileum along a line from the re-entry point of the duodenum into the peritoneal cavity to the cecum

45
Q

Where is the supraduodenal fold? What does it house?

A

located above the duodenojejunal flexure

houses the supraduodenal fossae posterior to it that is entered from below

46
Q

What is the infraduodenal fold? What does it house?

A

located below duodenojejunal flexure

houses the infraduodenal fossa which is entered from above

47
Q

What is the retroduodenal fossa? Where is it?

A

peritoneal recess located dorsal to part 4 of the duodenum as it re-peritonealizes

48
Q

Where is the paraduodenal fold? What is near it? What does it house?

A

located to the left of the duodenum

raised by the underlying inferior mesenteric vein

houses the paraduodenal fossa

49
Q

What does the mesoappendix attach to?

A

posterior abdominal wall to vermiform appendix

50
Q

What does the mesoappendix attach to?

A

posterior abdominal wall to vermiform appendix

51
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon attach to?

A

posterior abdominal wall to transverse colon

52
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon attach to?

A

posterior abdominopelvic area to sigmoid colon

53
Q

What structures are part of the ventral mesentery?

A 
Lesser omentum
Omental bursa
Falciform ligament
Coronary ligaments
Triangular ligaments
54
Q

What structures are part of the ventral mesentery?

A

Lesser omentum
Omental bursa
Falciform ligament

55
Q

Where is the lesser omentum?

A

extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach and duodenum to the hilum of the liver (porta hepatis)

56
Q

How is the lesser omentum divided?

A

(1) Hepatogastric ligament

(2) Hepatoduodenal ligament

57
Q

What travels near the hepatoduodenal ligament?

A

The proper hepatic artery, portal vein and common bile duct travel within the extreme right edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament

58
Q

Where is the omental bursa located?

A

Located posterior to the lesser omentum

59
Q

What is an important landmark associated with the omental bursa?

A

Epiploic foramen (Winslow) entrance to the omental bursa

60
Q

What are the boundaries of the omental bursa?

A

Anterior: Hepatoduodenal ligament
Superior: Visceral surface of the liver
Posterior: IVC and right crus of the diaphragm
Inferior: Part one of the duodenum

61
Q

What is the falciform ligament? What does it house - or what did it used to house?

A

Ventral attachment of the liver to the body wall

houses the ligamentum teres hepatitis (obliterated umbilical vein) within its inferior edge

62
Q

What is the embryological importance of the peritoneum that surrounds the liver?

A

The liver develops within the ventral mesogastrium

The peritoneum that envelops the liver in the adult is of ventral origin

63
Q

What are the coronary ligaments?

A

Peritoneum which attaches the superior surface of the liver to the abdominal surfaces of the diaphragm (divisible into anterior, posterior, left and right)

Encircles the superior portion of the liver like a crown, hence coronary. Think: coronation

64
Q

What are the triangular ligaments?

A

where anterior and posterior coronary ligaments meet they form right and left triangular ligaments, respectively

65
Q

Does the liver have an area that isn’t peritonealized?

A

Yes - the bare area of the liver

Left and right anterior and posterior coronary ligaments meet only laterally relative to the liver forming the triangular ligaments, the area between lies in direct contact with the visceral surface of the diaphragm

GI (26 decks)

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