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Neuro Block 2 > (31A) Tumors of CNS > Flashcards

(31A) Tumors of CNS Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

tumors that originate from astrocytes/glial cells

A

glioma, ependymoma, oligiodendroglioma

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2
Q

tumors that are classified as “nerve tumors”

A

schwannoma and neurofibroma

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3
Q

What are the common types of cancers that metastasize to the CNS

A

Giant Retards Love Brain Mets

GI 
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Lungs
Breast 
Melanoma
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4
Q

origin of meningioma

A

arachnoid cap cells

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5
Q

definitive risk factors for CNS tumors

A

ionizing radition, genetic syndromes, immunosuppression

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6
Q

need to know hereditaty syndromes that are assc with brain tumors

A

??

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7
Q

What effect does an increase in intracranial volume have on intracranial pressure

A

pressure stays constant until the compliance threshold has been reached. at this point small changes in volume will cause a large increase in pressure

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8
Q

What is the plateau wave phenomenon?

A

?? cant find on google

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9
Q

general signs of CNS tumor vs focal signs of CNS tumor

A

general: headache, vomitting, mental status change
focal: papilledema, seizures, focal neuro deficits

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10
Q

specifically what characteristics of a headache are red flags for CNS tumor

A

worse upon awakening and improvement within 1 hr

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11
Q

specifically what characteristics of a vomitting are red flags for CNS tumor

A

vomit immediately after onset of headache (suggesting inc ICP)

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12
Q

_____ herniation compresses the ACA

A

subfalcine

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13
Q

____ herniation causes ipsilateral occulomotor N palsy and contra or ipsilateral hemiparesis

A

uncal

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14
Q

_____ herniation causes horners syndrome + contralateral hemiparesis

A

upward through tentorium

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15
Q

_____ herniation causes only horners syndrome

A

diencephalic

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16
Q

____ herniation causes changes in BP, RR, and horner’s

A

tonsillar

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17
Q

CT or MRI to detect CNS tumors

A

MRI

*CT is good for calcifications which can tell you the pathology of the tumor

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18
Q

T1 vs T2 weighted MRI scans

A

T1 contrast only gets in tumors

T2 edema and tumor appears hyperintense (edema spares the cortex though so anything in the cortex is tumor!)

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19
Q

What is the most common primary CNS tumor

A

glioma

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20
Q

___ grade gliomas are more commonly seen in children.

A

low

high grade = adults

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21
Q

low or high grade tumors are well differentated

A

low

*de-differentation is bad and = high grade

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22
Q

necrotic centers is a feature of a high or low grade glioma

A

high

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23
Q

surrounding edema is a feature of a high or low grade glioma

24
Q

treatment that produces rapid but temporary improvement of glioma symptoms

Study These Flashcards
A

STEROIDS–they reduce the swelling and restore BBB

25
seizures from a glioma are treated with (enzyme inducing or non-enzyme inducing) anti-seizure drugs
non-enzyme inducing
26
normal tissue and tumor recieve the same dose of radiiation
conventional/2D RT
27
chemo that is the std of care for glioma
temozolomide
28
genetic testing for ____ is needed before temozolomide
MGMT = need to have active MGMT to see response from temozolomide
29
drug used to treat gliomas that reoccured
bevacizumab
30
survival with a glioma is better if the pt has what genes?
MGMT active isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation 1p and 19q deletion in oligiodendroglioma
31
meningioma is derived from
arachnoid cap cells
32
Who gets meningioma
45 yo; women
33
meningioma is a slow growing or aggressive tumor
slow growing
34
characteristic MRI finding for a meningioma
diffuse enhancement + dural tail
35
meningiomas are axial or extra axial tumors
extra axial
36
pituitary tumors are usually from the (ant or post) pit
anterior
37
microademomas are usually (non-functional or functional)
functional (make hormones) macro are non-functional
38
signs/symp of pituitary tumors
headache, endocrine dysfunction, vidula defects (due to compression of optic chiasm)
39
treatment for PRLomas
DA agonists
40
origin of acoustic neuroma
schwann cells surrounding CN VIII > CN V > spinal radicles
41
Where do acoustic neuromas arise?
internal auditory meatus or cerebelloponitine angle
42
who gets acoustic neuromas
middle aged; M = F
43
acoustic neuromas are (slow growing or aggressive tumors_)
slow growing
44
how might an acustic neuroma present
hearing loss, tinnitus, headache, TN, ataxia
45
where do primary CNS lymphomas arise
leptomeninges and deeper periventricular brain parenchyma
46
how is primary CNY lymphoma different from the other adult primary CNS tumors?
multiple masses
47
Other than a scan how can PCNSL be diagnosed
LP contains monoclonal B cells in CSF
48
treatment for PCNSL
steroids **but give AFTER biopsy** otherwise you get a poor specimen for pathology (cells die quickly**
49
PCNSL is highly sensitive to
chemo and radiation therefore you can get CR and cure in younger pts
50
what is the treatment of choice for brain mets if there is progressive extracranial dz
whole brain radiation
51
diff dz for ring enhancing lesions on MRI
mets, CVA, demylenation, high grade glioma, lymphoma
52
signs and symptoms of a spinal cord tumor
pain, weakness, and parasthesis
53
most common extradural tumors of spinal cord
mets
54
most common intradural and extramedullary spinal cord tumors
schwannomas, neurofibromas, maningiomas
55
most common intradural and intramedullary spinal cord tumors
astocytomas (ped), ependymoma (adults), hemangioblastoma

Neuro Block 2 (22 decks)

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