#32

Question 1

Hackers who hunt for bugs and try to close security holes in software to make systems safer and more resilient. They are often hired by companies and governments to perform security evaluations

Answer 1

White Hats

Question 2

Malicious hackers with intentions to steal, exploit and sell computer vulnerabilities and data

Answer 2

Black Hats

Question 3

Some hack for amusement and curiosity while cybercriminals hack most often for what?

Answer 3

Monetary gain

Question 4

Who use their skills to promote a social or political goal?

Answer 4

Hacktivists

Question 5

The most common way that hackers get into computer systems is not by hacking its by tricking users to let them in. This is called what? This is where a person is manipulated into divulging confidential information or configuring a computer system so that it permits entry by attackers.

Answer 5

Social Engineering

Question 6

The most common type of attack.

Answer 6

Phishing

Question 7

You encounter most often as an email asking you to login to an account on a website. This is an example of what?

Answer 7

Phishing

Question 8

Where attackers call up a company and then confidential pretend to be from their IT department. This is an example of what?

Answer 8

Pre-texting

Question 9

Emails ar a sommen delivery mechanism for what?

Answer 9

Trojan horses

Question 10

What are programs that masquerade as harmless attachments, like a photo or invoice, but actually contain malicious software, called malware ?

Answer 10

Trojan horses

Question 11

Demand a ransom

Answer 11

Ransomeware

Question 12

If you have physical access to a computer you can attach wires to the device’s memory chip and make a perfect copy of its contents. With this set up you can try a series of passwords, until the device stats making you wait.

Answer 12

NAND Mirroring

Question 13

Successfully utilizing a bug to gain capabilities or access

Answer 13

Exploit

Question 14

Buffer Overflow is an example of what?

Answer 14

Exploit

Question 15

Buffers are a general term for a block of memory reserved for storing data.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What tests the length of input before copying it into a buffer?

Answer 16

Bounds checking

Question 17

Many modern programming languages implement bounds checking automatically.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Named after the small birds, miners used to take underground to warn them of dangerous conditions.

Answer 18

Canaries

Question 19

Most commonly used to attack websites that use databases is what?

Answer 19

Code injections

Question 20

1. It needs to specify what data we’re retrieving from the database
2. it needs to specify from what place in the database to retrieve the value
3. It specifies that it only wants data for the account whose username equals a certain value

Answer 20

SQL Query

Question 21

SQL commands end with a what?

Answer 21

Semicolon

Question 22

Sanitize input by removing or modifying character before running database queries

Answer 22

True

Question 23

When a new exploitable bug is discovered that the software creators weren’t aware of?

Answer 23

Zero day vulnerability

Question 24

Black hat hackers rush to use the exploit for maximum benefit before white hat programmers release a patch for the bug.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

If bugs are left open on enough systems, it allows hackers to write a program that jump from computer to computer automatically.

Answer 25

Worms

Question 26

If a hacker can take over a large number of computers, they can be used together to form what?

Answer 26

Botnet

Question 27

Many purposes including sending huge volumes of spam, mining bitcoins using other people's computing power and electricity, and launching Distributed Denial of Service or DDoS attacks against servers.

Answer 27

true

Question 28

What is where all computers in the botnet send a flood of dummy messages. This can knock services offline, either to force owners to pay a ransom or just to be evil?

Answer 28

DDoS

Question 29

Cyber attacks cost the global economy roughly ________ dollars annually and that figure will only increase as we become more reliant on computing systems.

Answer 29

half a trillion

Question 30

``` Cyberattacks happen on many different things including 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ```

Answer 30

1. Power Plants 2. Electrical Grid 3. Traffic Lights 4. Water Treatment Plants 5. Oil Refineries 6. Air Traffic Control

Question 31

Many experts predict that the next major war will be fought in cyberspace, where nations are brought to their knees not by physical attack, but rather crippled economically and infra structurally through cyber warfare.

Answer 31

True