3.2 and 3.3 Study Guide Flashcards
Carbohydrates are composed of what elements?
C, H, O
Lipids are composed of what elements?
C, H, O
Proteins are composed of what elements?
C, H, O, N and sometimes S
Nucleic Acids are composed of what elements?
C, H, O, N, P
Carbohydrates monomer
monosacharides
Lipids monomer
fatty acids
Protein monomer
amino acids
Nucleic Acid monomer
nucleotides
Carbohydrates polymer
polysacharides
Lipids polymer (2 types)
triglycerides and phospholipids
Proteins Polymer
polypeptides
Functions of Carbohydrates
Provides energy (primary source for cells)
Builds plant cells
Storage of simple sugars
Function of Lipids
long-term energy storage
Insulation for organisms
Makes cell membranes
Can be used to form steroids
Function of Proteins
enzymes catalyze the important chemical reactions in cells
Hormones are messengers
Antibodies recognize and attack foreign cells/viruses
Structural proteins that give cells shape
Function of Nucleic Acids
DNA carries genetic instructions for development and functions by coding proteins
RNA assists in protein synthesis
What does function depend on?
Structure
Protein structure
- Primary structure- sequence determined by gene
- Secondary structure- alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
- Tertiary structure- entire polypeptide chain (3D)
- Quaternary structure- more than one polypeptide chain that are bonded together
Amino Acids have different structure depending on what?
side chains
What are the 2 main ways to change protein structure?
Mutation and Denaturation
Denaturation
unfolding of protein. Does this by breaking the hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds
