32 - Respiratory System Flashcards
(117 cards)
What are the three primary functions of the respiratory system?
1 - Air conduction
2 - Air filtration
3 - Gas exchange
What does “air conditioning” consist of?
Air conditioning = air conduction + air filtration (the first two primary functions of the respiratory system)
What are some things that happen to air as it moves through the respiratory system?
The air is…
- Refined
- mucus and cilia remove fine particular matter
- humidified
- increased in temperature
What is the extrapulmonary system?
Everything outside of the lung tissue
- Beginning with the nasal vestibule
- Nasal cavities
- Oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx
- Trachea
- Two main bronchi
What is the intrapulmonary system?
Everything within the lung tissue
- Secondary and tertiary bronchi
- All other 20 divisions within the lungs
- Up until the terminal bronchioles
What does the conducting portion of the respiratory system consist of?
Extrapulmonary + Intrapulmonary = Conducting portion
What does the respiratory portion of the respiratory system consist of?
Structures associated with alveoli
- Alveolar ducts and sacs
- Alveoli themselves (gas exchange)
Why do the alveoli have a tremendous amount of surface area?
For gas exchange to occur
The most distal components of the airways are part of the ___________ portion of the respiratory system
Respiratory portion
Each respiratory bronchiole of the more distal respiratory portion supplies a __________.
Respiratory bronchiolar unit (AKA primary pulmonary lobule).
What happens at the primary pulmonary lobule?
This is where the gas exchange is going to take place - It is the functional level
What supplies the primary pulmonary lobule?
Each primary pulmonary lobule is supplied by a single respiratory bronchiole and its alveolar branches
What is anthracosis?
Carbon pigment that outlines secondary pulmonary lobules
What supplies these secondary pulmonary lobules?
Lobular bronchioles
What accounts for the pigment?
Carbon pigment has been consumed by macrophages and is flowing through the lymph vessels
Where do lymphatics travel in the lungs?
Lymphatics travel within the septa between secondary lobules - that is why carbon is seen surrounding secondary pulmonary lobules
What are the septa of the lungs?
Septa separate one secondary pulmonary lobule from another - provides a space for lymphatics and pulmonary veins to run between the secondary pulmonary lobules
Where is the olfactory region?
Located along the superior nasal concha and includes…
- Roof of nasal cavity
- Superior aspect of nasal septum (both sides)
What type of epithelium is found in the olfactory region?
Specialized pseudostratified columnar epithelium on a basal lamina
What is located deep to the epithelium?
A connective tissue component called the lamina propria
So what all does the mucosa layer of the olfactory region include?
Mucosa = epithelium + basal lamina + connective tissue
What are the four types of cells that are present in the olfactory region?
- Olfactory receptor cells
- Sustentacular cells
- Brush cells
- Basal cells
What type of neurons are found in the olfactory receptor cells?
BIPOLAR neurons
Where do dendritic projections attach to? What do they form there?
Dendritic projections attach to the surface of the epithelium. They dilate and form olfactory vesicles on the surface of the epithelium.