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oceanography > Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Quiz 1 Flashcards

0
Q

***what is the deepest point in the ocean

A

Challenger deep (Mariana trench)

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1
Q

***what percent of total water is salt water

A

97.5%

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2
Q

***what is the tallest mountain

A

Hawaii

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3
Q

***defines how far north or south we are from the equator

A

Latitude –> equator

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4
Q

***Defines how Far East and West from Prime meridian

A

Longitude –> Prime Meridian

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5
Q

the number 4 chronometer was made by who

A

John Harrison

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6
Q

this was a storehouse for ships logs

A

library of Alexandria

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7
Q

who created a modern system of Latitude and longitude

A

Hipparchus

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8
Q

Who oriented maps (North is up)

A

Claudius Ptolemy

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9
Q

they colonized islands in the pacific

they were able to look at shapes of waves and know where islands were located

A

Polynesians

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10
Q

they discovered america

A

vikings

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11
Q

they created a central rudder system and watertight compartments
they were the first to develop a compass
they had huge ships

A

Chinese

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12
Q

He was the “Navigator of Portugal”

–> sent ships out to map out new areas

A

Prince Henry

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13
Q

he was looking for a shorter route to Asia but discovered america

A

Christopher Columbus

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14
Q

He had the first voyage around the world

A

Ferdinand Megellan

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15
Q

This was published in 1507

It was the first map to name America and show new world as separate from Asia

A

Waldseemiller Map

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16
Q

***Father of Modern Oceanography
Killed by Hawaiians on Feb 14
dietician
charted New Zealand and Great Barrier Reef

A

Captain Cook

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17
Q

Had a 4yr voyage for US Navy

19 volume report formed core of Smithsonian Collection

A

Lt Charles Wilkes

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18
Q

First “full time” oceanographyer
compiled marine charts and weather charts into a reference for mariners
charts have wind and current directions

A

Matthew Fontaine Maury

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19
Q

***First map to show a current
current: Golf Stream
shortened time from Europe to America

A

Franklin and Folger map

20
Q 
***Expedition w/ Murray and Thomson
Purely scientific 
showed life below 1800 ft was abundant
discovered 4717 new species
Murray wrote a 50 volume set
A

Challenger Expedition

21
Q

***Challenger Expedition was important because

A

it showed that scientific work is profitable

22
Q

In 1892 wrote a book :The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1660-1783)
Landmark book for developing naval power and strategy

A

Alfred Thayer Mahan

23
Q

Had the polar exploration
first professor of oceanography
captained the “fram”
–>ship designed to withstand polar ice
–> proved no northern continent existed
stuck in ice for 4 yrs

A

Fridtjof Nansen

24
Q

***JOIDES

A

Joint Oceanographic Institute for Deep Earth Sampling

25
Q

***Oceanographic Institutions

A

Woods Hole
Scripps Institute
Lamont Doherty

26
Q

***collection of dust and gas in space

form when a star explodes

A

Nebula

27
Q

***Mass coming together to form a larger mass

A

Accretion

28
Q

***believes that gravity pulls dust and gas from nebula and create new stars and planets (solar system)

A

Nebular Hypothesis

29
Q

***believes that a Mars sized structure struck the earth and created the moon

A

giant impact hypothesis

30
Q

***structure of earth based on composition

A

core –> mantle –> crust

31
Q

***density of continental crust

A

2.7 g/cm3

32
Q

***density of oceanic crust

A

2.9 g/cm3

33
Q

defined as heavier material sinking

A

differentiation

34
Q

***defined as lighter materials floating

A

isostasy

35
Q

***bigger base created to support heavier load (sinks)
load that doesnt move
load of earth pushes crust down

A

isostatic load

36
Q

***earth’s structure by physical properties

A

1) inner core
2) outer core
3) MESOsphere
4) ASTHENOsphere
5) LITHOsphere

37
Q

***Primary and compressional
travel thru liquids and solids
fastest

A

P waves

38
Q

***Secondary and shear waves
travel thru solids
slow

A

S waves

39
Q

***who is assoc with original lines of evidence (continental drift)

A

Alfred Wegener

40
Q

***5 Modern Day Lines of Evidence (Continental Drift)

A

1) seismic evidence- earthquake locations
2) structural evidence- ridges and trenches
3) magnetic evidence- stripes on the seafloor
4) age of seafloor- DSDP
5) Presence of hot spots

41
Q

***Ma definition

A

Mega Annum (million years)

42
Q

***oldest ocean crust

A

about 180 Ma

43
Q

Conversion Plate Boundaries

continental crust vs. oceanic crust are found in

A

Andes

44
Q

Conversion Plate Boundaries

oceanic crust vs. oceanic crust is found in

A

Japan

45
Q

Conversion Plate Boundaries

continental crust vs continental crust is found in

A

Himalayas

46
Q

Divergent Plate Boundaries

continental vs continental found in

A

East African Rift

47
Q

divergent plate boundaries

oceanic crust vs oceanic crust found in

A

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

48
Q

transform plate boundaries are….

and found in…

A

are 2 plates moving past each other

found in: San Andreas

oceanography (9 decks)

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