3.2.1.1 Structure of eukaryotic cells

Question 1

What is the basic structural unit of all living organisms?

Answer 1

The cell.

Question 2

True or False: Eukaryotic cells have a defined nucleus.

Answer 2

True.

Question 3

What organelle is responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 3

Mitochondria.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the control center of the cell.

Answer 4

nucleus.

Question 5

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis?

Answer 5

Ribosome.

Question 6

What structure protects and gives shape to plant cells?

Answer 6

Cell wall.

Question 7

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 7

It is involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.

Question 8

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system? A) Golgi apparatus B) Lysosome C) Ribosome D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

C) Ribosome.

Question 9

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Answer 9

Digestion and waste removal.

Question 10

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in animal cells.

Answer 10

False.

Question 11

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 11

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids.

Question 12

Fill in the blank: The __________ is involved in maintaining the shape and structure of the cell.

Answer 12

Cell wall

Question 13

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 13

It regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Question 14

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is known as the ‘powerhouse of the cell’? A) Ribosome B) Mitochondria C) Nucleus D) Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

B) Mitochondria.

Question 15

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

Answer 15

Storage of substances and maintaining turgor pressure.

Question 16

True or False: All eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts.

Answer 16

False.

Question 17

What is the primary component of the cell membrane?

Answer 17

Phospholipids.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The __________ is a network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape.

Answer 18

cytoskeleton.

Question 19

What is the role of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 19

Breaking down fatty acids and detoxifying harmful substances.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis? A) Ribosome B) Endoplasmic reticulum C) Golgi apparatus D) Lysosome

Answer 20

B) Endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 21

What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface; smooth ER does not.

Question 22

True or False: Eukaryotic cells can be unicellular or multicellular.

Answer 22

True.

Question 23

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 23

It is involved in ribosome production.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles.

Answer 24

cytosol.

Question 25

What type of DNA is found in mitochondria?

Answer 25

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Question 26

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? A) Energy production B) Structural support C) Protein synthesis D) DNA replication

Answer 26

B) Structural support.

Question 27

What is the primary role of the plasma membrane's proteins?

Answer 27

Transporting substances across the membrane and signaling.

Question 28

What is the function of the plasma (cell surface) membrane?

Answer 28

Regulates entry and exit of substances ## Footnote The plasma membrane is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the cell.

Question 29

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 29

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs ## Footnote Unlike the rough ER, it lacks ribosomes.

Question 30

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Answer 30

Energy production through ATP synthesis ## Footnote Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 31

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 31

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins ## Footnote It plays a key role in the secretory pathway.

Question 32

What is a key characteristic of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 32

Studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface ## Footnote This feature is essential for protein synthesis.

Question 33

What is the structure that contains the cell's genetic material?

Answer 33

Nucleus ## Footnote The nucleus houses DNA and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for ribosome production.

Answer 34

nucleolus ## Footnote The nucleolus is found within the nucleus.

Question 35

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Answer 35

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular waste ## Footnote Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 36

True or False: The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.

Answer 36

True ## Footnote The cytoplasm is essential for cellular processes.

Question 37

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 37

Protein synthesis ## Footnote Ribosomes can be free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The _______ encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.

Answer 38

nuclear envelope ## Footnote The nuclear envelope has pores that regulate molecular traffic.

Question 39

What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 39

Maintains cell integrity and facilitates communication ## Footnote It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 40

What are the two main types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 40

Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ## Footnote The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.

Question 41

What is the primary role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 41

Site of metabolic processes and organelle function ## Footnote It contains various organelles suspended in a gel-like substance.

Question 42

What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 42

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles ## Footnote Prokaryotic cells lack such organelles.

Question 43

What is the function of the plasma (cell surface) membrane?

Answer 43

Regulates entry and exit of substances ## Footnote The plasma membrane is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the cell.

Question 44

What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 44

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs ## Footnote Unlike the rough ER, it lacks ribosomes.

Question 45

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

Answer 45

Energy production through ATP synthesis ## Footnote Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Question 46

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 46

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins ## Footnote It plays a key role in the secretory pathway.

Question 47

What is a key characteristic of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 47

Studded with ribosomes on its cytoplasmic surface ## Footnote This feature is essential for protein synthesis.

Question 48

What is the structure that contains the cell's genetic material?

Answer 48

Nucleus ## Footnote The nucleus houses DNA and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

Question 49

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for ribosome production.

Answer 49

nucleolus ## Footnote The nucleolus is found within the nucleus.

Question 50

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

Answer 50

Digestion of macromolecules and cellular waste ## Footnote Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.

Question 51

True or False: The cytoplasm is the fluid that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles.

Answer 51

True ## Footnote The cytoplasm is essential for cellular processes.

Question 52

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 52

Protein synthesis ## Footnote Ribosomes can be free-floating or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 53

Fill in the blank: The _______ encloses the nucleus and separates it from the cytoplasm.

Answer 53

nuclear envelope ## Footnote The nuclear envelope has pores that regulate molecular traffic.

Question 54

What is the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 54

Maintains cell integrity and facilitates communication ## Footnote It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 55

What are the two main types of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 55

Rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum ## Footnote The rough ER is involved in protein synthesis, while the smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis.

Question 56

What is the primary role of the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 56

Site of metabolic processes and organelle function ## Footnote It contains various organelles suspended in a gel-like substance.

Question 57

What is the main structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 57

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles ## Footnote Prokaryotic cells lack such organelles.