3.2.1.2 Global systems Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
What is interdependency
A
- What happens in once place increasingly has impacts on other places
2
Q
How are countries politically interdependent
A
- Rely on each other to intervene if there is political unrest (wars, unstable governments)
- Work together to solve international political issue
3
Q
How are countries economically interdependent
A
- Between them, flows of labour, products and services entering or exciting a country in order to grow the economy
4
Q
How are countries socially interdependent
A
- Migration- diasporas all over the world
- Leisure activities- TV, music etc
5
Q
What are diasporas
A
- Groups of migrants of the same origin living in another country
6
Q
How are countries environmentally interdependent
A
- All nations affected by other nations’ greenhouse emissions, so they rely on each other to save the environment
- EG KOP-28 meetings
7
Q
What is containerisation
A
- System of freight transport used in sea shipping to reduce transportation costs of moving goods
8
Q
Examples of economic interdependence
A
- Tourism- spending money locally helps economy
- Remittances
- Outsourcing/offshoring- increases profits
9
Q
Examples of political interdependence
A
- NATO 30 countries work together for security, protection and military aid
- UN- peacekeeping, conflict resolution- 5 permanent members
10
Q
Examples of social interdependence
A
- US music industry - made $11Bn in 2023, whereas UK made £1.3Bn
11
Q
How many Poles living in UK
A
- Roughly 680,000
12
Q
What is happening in Poland
A
- ‘Brain drain’
- Many poles moving to other EU countries such as UK to get higher wages, meaning their best minds/workers are elsewhere
13
Q
Positive effects of flows of people/labour
A
- Reduced unemployment rates where there is a lack of work
- Addresses important skill/labour shortages
- Remittances
- Migrants paying tax, and spending money will improve economy
- Skills/ideas may be brought to origin country
14
Q
Negative impacts of people/labour
A
- Developing countries lose young, talented workers who chase higher wages elsewhere, impacts productivity, growth and development
- Over dependence on remittances
- Migrants may be segregated- nationalist ideas
15
Q
Negative impacts of offshoring
A
- Loss of jobs- negative multiplier
- Deindustrialisation
- Structural unemployment
16
Q
What is outsourcing
A
- The process of subcontracting part of a firms business to another company in order to save money- eg Pegatron and Foxconn used by Apple
17
Q
What is offshoring
A
- Relocating part of a firms activity to another country, Eg Apple in Cork
18
Q
Benefits of Privatisation
A
- May benefit owners in LDEs by lowering prices as there is no state ownership
19
Q
Disadvantages of privatisation
A
- Profits are retained, potentially leading to more inequality and less growth
20
Q
Benefits of Deregulation
A
- May encourage enterprise
21
Q
Disadvantages of deregulation
A
- More relaxed laws, leading to social injustices or environmental degradation
22
Q
Benefits of free trade
A
- Allows global markets to develop and thrive
- May help LDEs to attract investment
23
Q
Disadvantages of free trade
A
- LDEs may be outcompeted by free trade so protection may be needed
24
Q
Multi-culturalism benefits
A
- Enables developing countries to integrate into the global economy and access markets
25
Disadvantages of Multi-culturalism
- Citizens may see their culture diluted and a threat to national identity
26
What are Sovereign Wealth Funds
- SWFs are government owned investment funds and banks, typically associated with China and oil rich countries such as Qatar
27
How is globalisation affecting inequality between countries
- Flows of capital from rich to poor countries reducing global inequalities
- Poor countries still lag behind, such as Chad and Burkina Faso
- Africa showing advances in growth but still contains most of the poorest countries
28
How is globalisation affecting inequality within countries
- In Britain and Canada, gap between rich and poor is increasing, however the opposite is happening in China and Sub Saharan Africa
- Richest in society can cope better with changes in economies, and so will not become disadvantages
29
When was the last time global inequality was worse than it currently is
- 1800s
30
How much of the world's wealth is hidden in tax havens
- 1/6
31
What is the Gini index
- Way to measure inequality
- Score of 0 means total equality, and score of 1 is total inequality
32
Problem with Gini index
- Only captures relative changes
33
What is the convergence theory
- Poorer countries will develop faster than richer ones, so over time the gap will narrow
34
What is divergence theory
- Inequality between countries has been increasing by orders of magnitude over past 200 years
- History shows this is more true than convergence theory
35
Since 1960, the gap between USA and Sub Saharan Africa has...
Increased by 207%
36
How much did Gini index rise by in China between 1993 and 2008
- 34%
37
What are the Bretton Woods institutions
- UN
- World bank
- International Monetary Fund (IMF)
- World trade Organisation (WTO)
38
How many university educated workers from Jamaica leave
- 85%
39
Inequalities in UAE
- Tax free- draws in rich people from west
- However flows of labour from LICS- 2/3 of population are migrant workers who are treaded poorly, building city of Dubai
