Chapter One

Question 1

How is the brain connected to your body/senses?

Answer 1

contralaterally

Question 2

Which side of the body does the right side of the brain control?

Answer 2

left side of the body

Question 3

Which side of the body does the left side of the brain control?

Answer 3

right side of the body

Question 4

What visual field does the left side of the brain process?

Answer 4

the right visual field

Question 5

What visual field does the right side of the brain process?

Answer 5

the left visual field

Question 6

Which hemisphere do we speak with?

Answer 6

the left hemisphere

Question 7

Information processed in the left hemisphere

Answer 7

is presented to the right visual field-it is consciously recognized

Question 8

information processed in the right hemisphere

Answer 8

is presented to the left visual field-it is not consciously recognized

patients can show us behaviorally that they saw it even if they can’t talk about it

Question 9

Generalization

Answer 9

explaining behavior as examples of general laws

Question 10

Reductionism

Answer 10

explaining complex things in terms of simpler ones

Question 11

Rene Descartes

Answer 11

believed the body operated like a machine (St. Germaine statues)

nerves= hollow tubes
fluid in nerves= animal spirits

animal spirits were dumped into the muscles, swelling them

pineal gland regulated the animal spirits

Question 12

What does the dualistic view of humankind say?

Answer 12

We have both a physical body and a non-physical mind

Question 13

Johannes Muller

Answer 13

doctrine of specific nerve energies

all nerves carry the same message (electrical)

the experience depends on where the nerve originates and terminates

Question 14

Broca

Answer 14

found the region for speech production

Question 15

Wernicke

Answer 15

found the region for speech comprehension

Question 16

Fritsch & Hitzig

Answer 16

electrical stimulation of motor cortex (used dogs)

Question 17

Helmholtz

Answer 17

recorded the speed of neural impulses

found they were slower than what was believed at the time

Question 18

Charles Darwin

Answer 18

theory addressed not only physical traits but behavioral as well

natural selection might cause brain to develop in different ways

different brains can lead to different behaviors

Question 19

What did Darwins theory lead to?

Answer 19

advances in the study of functionalism

Question 20

How are our brains compared to other species?

Answer 20

more dense

Question 21

Neoteny

Answer 21

is a slowing of brain development, which promotes larger brain growth

Question 22

Pure (basic) research

Answer 22

done to answer a question

Question 23

Applied research

Answer 23

done in order to solve a problem

Question 24

Alternatives to Animal Research

Answer 24

observational techniques, plants, tissue cultures, computer stimulations

each of these lack the ability to answer our questions

Question 25

Why test animals?

Answer 25

sometimes, it is the only option available

there are stringent regulations and governmental oversight

Question 26

The three R’s of Animal research

Answer 26

Replace- can you eliminate the use of animals
Reduce- minimum animals needed
Refine- no waste of anything