Chapter Two

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 2

nerves that run throughout your body

Question 3

Sensory/Afferent neurons

Answer 3

carry information to the brain

Question 4

Motor/Efferent neurons

Answer 4

carry information away from the brain

Question 5

Interneurons

Answer 5

make connections within nervous system

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

receive information

Question 7

Soma

Answer 7

centralized part; cell body; process information

Question 8

Axon

Answer 8

send/carry information away from the soma

Question 9

Terminal buttons

Answer 9

flaring at the end of axon terminal; connects to other cell dendrites all of actions take place here

Question 10

multipolar neurons

Answer 10

one axon, many dendrites

Question 11

bipolar neurons

Answer 11

one axon, one stalk on the dendrites

Question 12

unipolar neurons

Answer 12

one axon that divides after leaving soma

Question 13

cell membrane

Answer 13

2x liquid layer; semi permeable

Question 14

cytoplasm

Answer 14

liquid filled with mitochondria

Question 15

mitochondria

Answer 15

produce energy through ATP

Question 16

nucleus

Answer 16

contains chromosomes, DNA, and genes

Question 17

proteins/enzymes

Answer 17

carry things throughout the cell

Question 18

axoplasmic transport

Answer 18

substances/structures are carried from cell body down the axon through the microtubules –> highway system

Question 19

anterograde

Answer 19

away from cell body –> axon

Question 20

retrograde

Answer 20

back toward cell body

Question 21

Glia

Answer 21

“glue” cells that provide structure, support, and insulation to neurons

Question 22

Astrocytes

Answer 22

star shaped; house keepers through phagocytosis

Question 23

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 23

myelinate the CNS; one cell provides myelin for many neuron

Question 24

Schwann Cells

Answer 24

myelinate the PNS; one cell provides myelin for one neuron

Question 25

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)

Answer 25

allows brain to keep delicate balance of chemicals within it

not permeable to most substances
-lack tiny capillaries of brain

Question 26

The one weakness in the BBB

Answer 26

area postrema: the part of the brain that induces vomitting

Question 27

Neural Communication

Answer 27

all neurons send either yes (excitatory) or no (inhibitory) messages

Question 28

a yes message-excitatory

Answer 28

makes the next cell more likely to have an action potential “gossip”

Question 29

a no message-inhibitory

Answer 29

makes the next cell less likely to have an action potential “secrets”

Question 30

Reflex Arc

Answer 30

dorsal in, ventral out pathway;

inhibition comes from the brain in this example

Question 31

microelectrode

Answer 31

measures membrane potential

resting potential is -70mV
inside the cell is negatively charged compared to the fluid surrounding it

Question 32

ions

Answer 32

electrically charged particle, inside and outside of the axon

Question 33

Why is there resting potential?

Answer 33

if there was not, -70mV charge, neurons could not communicate

ion distribution inside/outside of cell

Question 34

cations

Answer 34

positive

Question 35

anions

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

what ions are inside and outside of the cell?

Answer 36

potassium is inside the cell, sodium and chloride are outside of the cell