Large Animal - Nutrition and Pregnancy Flashcards

Question

Describe Fat Cow Syndrome

Answer 1

Around calving normal tendency for fat mobilisation Hormonal influences Increase in Free Fatty Acids in blood is normal Fat processed by liver Increase in fat level in liver is normal around calving Excessive fat deposition is fatty liver syndrome If very severe is called fat cow syndrome

Answer 2

``` Immunosuppression Retained foetal membranes Endometritis Infertility Ketosis Mastitis ```

Answer 3

Life threatening Cow recumbent Inappetance Poor prognosis

Answer 4

Fat dry cow - cows with high BCS at calving, must be dried off at proper BCS Never put dry cows on low energy diet to lose weight - start mobilising excessive fat Fat cows at calving have a much lower appetite - mobilize more fat, encourage to eat more Dry cows undergoing a sudden change of diet at calving Cows which lose excessive weight in post partumperiod

Answer 5

2 weeks before calving

Answer 6

Rumen degradable protein Rumen undegradable protein Bypass protein

Answer 7

Protein meals - soyabean, cotton seed Fish meal NPN

Answer 8

Alfalfa/legume hays

Answer 9

Grass hay Cereals Straw

Answer 10

Detect non-pregnancy - need further intervention to get pregnant or cull

Answer 11

Stage of pregnancy - accurate time for drying off cattle, date of parturition Number of foetuses - accurate feeding of sheep

Answer 12

Non return to oestrus - polyoestrus species Measurement of hormones and other substances Detection of gravid uterus - manual palpation, ultrasonography, radiography Identification of changes in gross and microscopic structure of the genital system related to pregnancy

Answer 13

After a proper service 90% have fertilised oocyte From 13 days Interferon Tau is produced by embryo Prevents luteolysis of Corpus Luteum and so prevents return to heat

Answer 14

Non return to oestrus after service - 18-24 days B-mode real time Ultrasonography - 30 days Progesterone in plasma and milk - 21-24 days Membrane slip - palpation of chorioallantois from 33 days Disparity in horn size - unilateral cornual enlargement with fluctuation, thin uterine wall from 35 days Palpation of foetus 45-60 days Presence of placentomes from 80 days Hypertrophy of middle uterine artery from 85 days - broad ligament with fremitus, turbulence of blood flow in artery, don't confuse pulse with some of the arteries Oestrone sulphate in milk and plasma from 105 days, better at 120 days Palpation of foetus at 120 days

Answer 15

Milk or plasma Milk has higher concentrations so better discriminator ELISA Test for non-pregnancy

Answer 16

``` Luteinised cyst Persistence of CL Error in ID/labelling Shorter than normal oestrus cycle Incorrect timing of AI Inadequate mixing of sample Embryo mortality ```

Answer 17

``` Transrectal 7.5 MHz and later 5 MHz head Favourable lighting Moderately expensive equipment Care with machine Biosecurity ```

Answer 18

Substitute for proper manual palpation skills | Foolproof way of being 100% accurate with PD

Answer 19

Non-return to oestrus - 16-19 days after service Plasma progesterone assay - 15-18 days after service Transabdominal B mode ultrasonography as early as 30 days Doppler ultrasound transabdominally from 50 days Vaginal biopsy Palpation of caudal uterine artery from 60 days Radiography

Answer 20

Failure to return to oestrus around 21 days after service Milk or plasma progesterone 21 days Oestrone sulphate in plasma or milk from 50 days Transabdominal B mode ultrasonography from 30 days Abdominal palpation from 60-70 days

Answer 21

Non return to oestrus 18-22 days after service Plasma progesterone assay 16-24 days after service Transrectal B mode ultrasonography from 12 days Oestrone sulphate in plasma 24-28days Vaginal biopsy 18-22 days after service Rectal palpation from 30 days Transabdominal B mode ultrasonography from 24 days A-mode transabdominal ultrasonography from 30 days Transrectal doppler ultrasonography from 25days

Large Animal - Nutrition and Pregnancy Flashcards

(45 cards)