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Epidemiology > Regulatory Animal Diseases & USDA Accreditation > Flashcards

Regulatory Animal Diseases & USDA Accreditation Flashcards

0
Q

Diseases are generally chosen due to what 2 factors?

A
  • Adverse impact on agriculture

- Human health risk

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1
Q

What role do practicing veterinarians play with regards to regulatory animal diseases?

A
  • Provide surveillance

- Contribute to control efforts

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2
Q

T/F: The government monitors cases of certain animal diseases.

A

True

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3
Q

When was the last time FMD was seen in the US?

A

1929

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4
Q

What is the morbidity and mortality of FMD in a naive population?

A

Morbidity:close to 100%, Mortality:40-100%

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5
Q

Who is responsible for internationally reportable diseases?

What are they generally associated with?

A
  • OIE, aka World Organization for Animal Health

- Trade barriers between “free” and “disease-endemic” countries.

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6
Q

Who is responsible in the US for surveillance of foreign disease introduction as well as surveillance and eradication of US diseases?

A

USDA, aka US Department of Agriculture

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7
Q

What is the veterinary equivalent of WHO?

A

OIE

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8
Q

What does OIE do?

A

Maintains a list of internationally notifiable animal diseases.

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9
Q

Countries that are members of OIE need to report an outbreak of OIE-notifiable disease within what time frame?

A

24 hours

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10
Q

What is the name of the database that OIE maintains?

A

WAHID: world animal health information database

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11
Q

What does FAD stand for?

A

Foreign animal disease

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12
Q

How many animal diseases are listed by the USDA?

A

48

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13
Q

What does the USDA regulate?

A

All animal imports/exports

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14
Q

Does the USDA have veterinarians in every state?

A

Yes

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15
Q

What does AVIC stand for?

A

Area veterinarian in charge

16
Q

What are USDA state veterinarians responsible for?

A
  • Investigating possible FADs

- Oversee other animal health programs

17
Q

What does the USDA inspect?

A

Agricultural products and meat for food-borne diseases, both domestic and imported.

18
Q

Is the USDA involved with enzootic diseases?

A

Yes: manages nationwide control programs for selected enzootic diseases.

19
Q

What do individual state’s lists of notifiable diseases include?

A

USDA’s list plus other diseases of regional veterinary or public health interest.

20
Q

Do state notifiable lists vary by state?

A

Yes

21
Q

Who do practicing veterinarians report notifiable diseases to?

A

State veterinarian

22
Q

What are 3 roles of clinical veterinarians with reportable diseases?

A
  • Part of animal disease detection system.
  • Provide vaccinations and detection services for regulatory diseases.
  • Perform exams and complete health certificates for animal movement.
23
Q

What are 5 roles of state/USDA veterinarians?

A
  • Monitor movement of animals between states and between countries.
  • Manage animal disease control programs.
  • Investigate possible cases of foreign/reportable diseases.
  • Investigate animal cruelty cases.
  • Provide guidance to veterinarians on paperwork for import/export, testing, etc.
24
Q

When should a clinical veterinarian notify a regulatory veterinarian?

A

Immediately if a FAD is suspected.

25
Q

What are 3 steps taken by the regulatory veterinarian with a suspected FAD?

A
  • Examine the animals.
  • If clinical signs not compatible with an FAD, file a report and send samples to a veterinary lab as a precaution.
  • If it is compatible with an FAD, notify other agencies, initiate containment and send samples to USDA’s central lab (NVSL).
26
Q

In the US, what is the only lab that can officially diagnose an FAD?

A

USDA lab

27
Q

T/F: Negative results from state labs “don’t count” and need to be confirmed by the USDA lab.

A

False - They do count.

28
Q

What are 6 control measures can be used in response to an FAD?

A
  • Quarantine zones for animals/humans.
  • Import/export or trade restrictions.
  • Testing animals for disease/exposure.
  • Biosecurity for farms in the region.
  • Mass culling of all susceptible animals within a given distance of the outbreak.
  • Ring vaccination or treatment of animals.
29
Q

In 2007, 383 cases of potential FAD’s were reported to the USDA, how many were actual FADs?
What were they?

A
  • 3
  • White spot syndrome in fish in Hawaii, old world screwworm in dog from Hong Kong, new world screwworm in dog from Trinidad.
30
Q

T/F: Federal accreditation is a USDA-led certification program for clinical veterinarians.

A

True

31
Q

The role of practicing veterinarians in animal disease control requires vets to know what 5 things?

A
  • Signs of FADs
  • Signs of other reportable diseases.
  • Proper procedures for vaccinating and testing animals for regulated diseases.
  • How to fill out legal forms for these activities.
  • Who to report diseases to, when and how.
32
Q

T/F: Any veterinarian can perform exams for health certificates.

A

False - only USDA accredited veterinarians.

33
Q

T/F: Only USDA accredited veterinarians can perform activities related to regulatory diseases.

A

True

34
Q

How many types of USDA accreditation are there?

A

2: Category I and Category II

35
Q

What does USDA accreditation Category I exclude?

How many units of supplemental training are required and how often to maintain accreditation?

A
  • “Food and fiber” species, horses, all birds, farm-raised aquatic species and zoo animals that could transmit diseases to livestock.
  • 3 units every 3 years
36
Q

What species are excluded from USDA accreditation Category II?
How many units of supplemental training are required and how often to maintain accreditation?

A
  • None, all species are included.

- 6 units every 3 years

37
Q

What are the 6 steps to becoming USDA accredited?

A
  • Initial accreditation training (online program with certificate of completion).
  • Core orientation seminar by USDA.
  • Graduate with the DVM.
  • Complete USDA state-specific orientation (if required by the state AVIC).
  • Get licensed for the state you will work in.
  • Send in form to apply for USDA accreditation.
38
Q

What does IAT stand for?

A

Initial accreditation training

Epidemiology (18 decks)

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