3.2.4.2 Environment & Population Flashcards
agricultural productivity
ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs
agriculture
the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for growing crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool and other products
climate
a regions long term weather patterns, measured in terms of average precipitation, max and min temperatures throughout seasons, sunshine hours, humidity, frequency of extreme weather etc
food security
exists when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
salinisation
the build-up of salts in soil, eventually to toxic levels for plants
soil
the upper layer of earth in which plants grow- a black/dark brown material consisting of a mixture of organic remains, clay and rock particles
topography
relief and drainage of an area
zonal soil
a soil which has experienced the maximum effect of climate and natural vegetation upon the parent rock, assuming there are no extremes of weathering, relief or drainage
productivity
a key measure of the economic performance of agriculture and an important driver of farm incomes
2 key elements to food production
climate and soils (vary globally)
food consumption
changes in global/regional food situation is measured in kilocalories (kcal) per capita per day
amount of undernourishment calculated by
average amount of food available for consumption, size of population, relative disparities in access to food, minimum calories per individual
agricultural system
an open system with inputs, processes and outputs. over time the physical factors become less important and human factors take over
4 types of farming
intensive, extensive, commercial, subsistence
how climate change affects food security
weather events, floods, droughts
agricultural area worst hit by climate change
Asia Pacific: mainly based on agriculture, expected 850million increase by 2050, rising temperature/sea levels affecting crop growing and yields
2012 Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA)
addressing challenges related to food security and climate change- economic, social, environmental (greenhouse gas)
members of the Global Alliance for Climate-Smart Agriculture (GACSA)
japan, philippines, vietnam
essential functions of soil
nutrient recycling (carbon) regulating water (infiltration or overland) sustaining plant and animal life filtering pollutants physical stability and support
zonal soils
a major soil covering a wide geographic region; mature and well-developed soils in balance with climate, vegetation and their parent material
types of zonal soils
chernozem, red/yellow latosols
food security depends on
food availability (reliable and constant) food access (produce or purchase food) food use (preparation and distribution) food stability (access over time)
issues with ensuring food security
enough food to feed pop but not where needed
future needs couldn’t be met by production
global trade- does it provide national security?
globalisation cause food industry and poverty in rural areas?
do all people in household get enough food
4 methods of water erosion
river bank erosion, gully erosion, sheet erosion, rill erosion
