3.2.4.4 Population Change Flashcards
(44 cards)
crude birth rate
the total number of live births per 1000 of a population per year
crude death rate
average number of deaths per 1000 of a population per year
demography
the study of the human population
emigrant
a person leaving their native area or country in order to settle elsewhere
immigrant
a person moving into an area or country to which they are not native in order to settle there
infant mortality rate (IMR)
number of children who die before their 1st birthday per 1000 live births per year
life expectancy (at birth)
Average number of years a person born in a particular year in a location is expected to live
natural change
difference between birth rates and death rates
net migration change
difference between the total number/average rate of immigrants and emigrants in an area or country over a given time period
(net) replacement rate
number of children each woman needs to have to maintain current population levels or give 0 population growth by generation- it is a measured fertility rate
reproductive age
age at which women can given birth -between 15 and 44
total fertility rate
average number of children born per woman in an area or country if all women lived to the end of their childbearing years
demographic dividend
the benefit a country gets when its working population outgrows its dependents- a boost in economic productivity
asylum seeker
a person who has fled their country of origin and applies for asylum under the 1951 Convention on the grounds they can’t return to their country because of a well-founded fear of death or persecution- they are waiting for a decision
economic migrant
a person who has voluntarily left their country of origin to seek, by lawful or unlawful means, employment in another country
refugee
a person fleeing from natural disaster or civil war but not necessarily fearing persecution- application was successful
main influences on population change
natural change
migration/ net migration change- both factors together affect each other due to age of migrants on current population
key vital rates that affect natural population change
birth rate, death rate, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate
why do BR and total fertility rate appear to correlate
both measure reproductive potential of the population, but fertility rate more accurate measure of future pop change
countries of greatest and lowest natural population change
greatest in central Africa, lowest in Russia and Eastern Europe
polygamous
to have more than 1 partner
purpose of DTM
traces a decrease in BR and DR as a country goes from a pre to industrialised economic state, provides a framework to compare data and stages of development, make predictions about future changes
weaknesses of DTM
doesn’t account for migration, government policies, conflicts, major diseases/pandemics or environmental influences (resources, climate and disasters), countries don’t progress smoothly
population structure/ population pyramids
show age and sex composition, viewed as a snapshot but constantly changing
