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toefl > 写作常用替换词 verb > Flashcards

写作常用替换词 verb Flashcards

1
Q

make sth. strong

A

strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth.

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2
Q

make sth. weak

A

weaken/ erode （侵蚀）

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3
Q

make sth. better

A

enhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用better当动词，其实在学术写作中better sth.是挺常见的表达 ）

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4
Q

make sth. worse

A

aggravate/ exacerbate sth.

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5
Q

control…(a negative trend)

A

curb…(crime/ pollution/ economic recessions)

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6
Q

stop

A

cease

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7
Q

manage sth.

A

≈ regulate sth./oversee sth.

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8
Q

appear

A

emerge/ arise （后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate）

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9
Q

die out

A

go extinct

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10
Q

fail to see

A

neglect/ overlook

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11
Q

set…free

A

release (prisoners/ stress)

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12
Q

begin

A

commence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如initiate the conflict)

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13
Q

narrow/ bridge the gap between A and B(注意这里bridge作动词）

A

[反义] widen the gap between A and B

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14
Q

be forced to do sth.

A

be compelled to do sth.

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15
Q

keep complaining about sth.

A

grumble about sth.

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16
Q

try hard to do sth.

A

≈pursue sth.(one’s goal/one’s career/ business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)

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17
Q

do sth.

A

≈ perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform不是“表演”而是“从事”）

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18
Q

do not do sth.

A

refrain from doing sth.

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19
Q

carry out

A

implement

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20
Q

turn…into…

A

convert…to/ into…

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21
Q

decrease

A

decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/ slip (后两个词用来指短促的下降)

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22
Q

make a crime

A

commit a crime（注意作文中不要用make a crime这样不地道的英文）

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23
Q

commit a crime again

A

revert to crime （这里的crime作不可数名词）

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24
Q

punish

A

penalize

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25
Q

[派生]punishment

A

penalty

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26
Q

spread

A

propagate/ disseminate （这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief这类名词）

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27
Q

develop fast

A

flourish/ thrive

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28
Q

develop （这里作“培养”的意思

A

cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如an interest in social issues）

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29
Q

[相关]fast-developing

A

burgeoning

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30
Q

accept

A

adopt（注意这个词不是adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）

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31
Q

build

A

construct

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32
Q

gather

A

garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen

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33
Q

measure

A

gauge, 比measure稍正式一点

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34
Q

teach sth.

A

≈impart sth./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach后面是人则不要替换）

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35
Q

start

A

initiate 多用于政府类话题

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36
Q

support

A

espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion（作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）

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37
Q

praise

A

≈ compliment/ extol（后面这个语气很强）

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38
Q

support

A

≈ buttress/ bolster

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39
Q

prove/ confirm

A

verify

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40
Q

create

A

generate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment）spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如spawn inventions/ innovations）

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41
Q

use

A

≈ utilize/exploit

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42
Q

use…again

A

recycle

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43
Q

work hard

A

work assiduously

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44
Q

get

A

≈ acquire（注意acquire/ gain knowledge比learn knowledge在地道英文中更加常见）

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45
Q

consider

A

contemplate/ reflect on/ ponder

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46
Q

meet

A

encounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题

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47
Q

provide sth.

A

afford sth. （在正式英文写作中，afford经常可以表示“提供”

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48
Q

need

A

require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用require）

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49
Q

like sth. very much

A

≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.

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50
Q

be unhappy about

A

complain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.)

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51
Q

ask for

A

request

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52
Q

raise

A

elevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思

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53
Q

look like sth.

A

resemble sth.

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54
Q

treat…poorly

A

mistreat…/ abuse…

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55
Q

consider sth. valuable

A

value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.

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56
Q

keep

A

≈ maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟 traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）

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57
Q

mix… together

A

blend/ combine/ synthesize

58
Q

solve

A

tackle/ combat/ address

59
Q

notice

A

discern

60
Q

understand… to mean…/ to be…

A

interpret…as…（很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把…理解为……）

61
Q

choose sth./ choose to do sth.

A

opt for sth./ opt to do sth.

62
Q

achieve

A

fulfill (one’s dream/ one’s goal/ one’s potential/ one’s obligation/ one’s promise/ one’s task)

63
Q

appear in large numbers

A

sprout up/ mushroom

64
Q

make… less serious

A

relieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）

65
Q

pay…for (one’s loss)

A

compensate…for…

66
Q

pay…for (one’s effort)

A

reward…for…

67
Q

make sth. faster

A

accelerate sth./ speed up sth.

68
Q

join

A

participate in

69
Q

outweight

A

prevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）

70
Q

contribute to

A

promote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟to）

71
Q

prevent the development of…

A

hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct…

72
Q

find out

A

≈ identify

73
Q

encourage sb. to…

A

≈motivate sb. to…

74
Q

like sth. very much

A

adore sth.

75
Q

dislike sth. very much

A

abhor/ detest/ loathe

76
Q

hate

A

resent/ hold a grudge against

77
Q

limit

A

restrict/ constrain

78
Q

avoid

A

≈ bypass/ eschew/ shun

79
Q

is not limited to…

A

is not restricted to…/ is not confined to…（经常用来描述一个trend不仅限于某个范围）

80
Q

be so surprised

A

be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled

81
Q

decide

A

determine

82
Q

move to…

A

relocate to…/ have been relocated to…

83
Q

come from…

A

originate from/ in…

84
Q

improve

A

boost/ enhance（比如boost solidarity增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率）

85
Q

waste

A

use… lavishly

86
Q

attack

A

assail （语气更强烈）

87
Q

reduce

A

curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish（多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）

88
Q

increase

A

augment（多用于政府投资类话题）

89
Q

help

A

assist

90
Q

help (n.)

A

assistance

91
Q

set up

A

establish

92
Q

try to do sth.

A

attempt to do sth.

93
Q

try hard to do sth.

A

make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.

94
Q

change

A

alter

95
Q

change… a lot

A

fundamentally change…/ radically change…/ transform…

96
Q

solve

A

address/ combat

97
Q

correct (vt.)

A

rectify (a mistake)

98
Q

take down

A

demolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）

99
Q

obey

A

abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟the law/ rules/ regulations等）

100
Q

ban

A

ban… altogether/ strictly prohibit…

101
Q

criticize

A

condemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）

102
Q

increase

A

show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show a downward trend

103
Q

depend on

A

hinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于 ……）

104
Q

depend on

A

rely on（意思是：依靠……）

105
Q

deal with

A

cope with

106
Q

do one’s best to do sth.

A

commit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one’s utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth.

107
Q

use up

A

exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limit

108
Q

report the details of sth.

A

report sth. In graphic detail

109
Q

prevent sb. from focusing on…

A

distract sb. from…

110
Q

spend A on B

A

≈ dedicate A to B

111
Q

use too much…

A

stretch… to the limit/ put a strain on…

112
Q

pour

A

discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）

113
Q

get used to

A

get accustomed to

114
Q

die out

A

go extinct

115
Q

continue to exist

A

persist

116
Q

come with…

A

be attended by / be accompanied by…

117
Q

broaden one’s horizons

A

expand one’s outlook/ enlarge one’s vision (broaden one’s horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值)

118
Q

break the law

A

violate the law

119
Q

put sb. In prison

A

incarcerate sb.

120
Q

make laws against…

A

legislate against…

121
Q

[相关]law

A

legislation (名词，注意law在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是legislation不能用复数）

122
Q

make sth. active

A

stimulate （后面经常跟imagination/ creativity/ interest/ economic growth等词汇）

123
Q

make one’s dream come true

A

fulfill one’s potential/ attain one’s goal

124
Q

have the right to do sth.

A

be entitled to do sth.

125
Q

lead to change in

A

act as a catalyst for change in…

126
Q

stick to

A

adhere to/ cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）

127
Q

deal with the need

A

meet the demand/ satisfy the need

128
Q

take… away from sb.

A

deprive sb. of…（省略号中可以填入freedom/ leisure time/ the right to等值得拥有的内容)

129
Q

give sb. the ability to

A

enable sb. to

130
Q

get a clear idea of

A

get a clear perspective of

131
Q

be lost

A

go astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写get lost)

132
Q

spend too much time on

A

be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ be obsessed with (这三个词组的语气越来越强)

133
Q

prepare for…

A

pave the way for…/ lay the groundwork for…/ lay a solid foundation for…（为……打好基础）

134
Q

break the balance

A

upset the balance

135
Q

balance A and B

A

strike a balance between A and B (在A 和B之间争取一种平衡)

136
Q

catch

A

capture

137
Q

think of… as

A

regard…as/ view…as/perceive…as

138
Q

get rid of

A

eliminate/ remove

139
Q

get rid of

A

abolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）

140
Q

make… higher

A

drive up（后面经常跟the crime rate/ unemployment rate）

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