3.2.5: Nucleophilic subsitution

Question 1

Nucleophilic substitution

Answer 1

A reaction where one functional group is substituted for another.

Question 2

Nucleophile’s role in nucleophilic substitution

Answer 2

A nucleophile attacks a polar molecule and takes the place of a FG.
The lone pair on the nucleophile attacks the slightly positive charge on the carbon

Question 3

Halogenoalkanes reactions with hydroxide ions (OH-)

Answer 3

Produce alcohols

Question 4

Halogenoalkanes reactions with Cyanide ions (CN-)

Answer 4

produce a nitrile

triple bond between C and N in CN- (cyanide ion)

Question 5

Halogenoalkanes reactions with ammonia

Answer 5

produce amines

lone pair on NH3 molecule

Question 6

Three types of nucleophilic substitution reactions

Answer 6

OH-
CN-
NH3

Question 7

Reactivity of halogenoalkanes decided by

Answer 7

carbon-halogen bond strength
as the bond needs to break for a reaction to occur
C-F bond = strongest so least reactive.

Question 8

How many bonds formed and broken during a nucleophilic substitution reaction

Answer 8

1 bond broken

1 bond formed

Question 9

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution with OH-

Answer 9

warm (aq) NaOH or KOH

Question 10

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution with CN-

Answer 10

warm w/ ethanolic KCN

Question 11

Conditions for nucleophilic substitution with NH3

Answer 11

warm w/ excess ethanolic ammonia