Study Guide Sheet 1 (pt3)

Question 1

The maturation phase of the virus infection, involves what?

Answer 1

The nucleic material copies getting packaged with the capsid

Question 2

What are the major mechanisms/means involving the entrance of a virus into a human cell?

Answer 2

Method similar to phagocytosis or fusion of envelope with host cells cytoplasmic membrane

Question 3

What are the major mechanisms/steps of viral genetic code translation into protein in a virus-infected cell?

Answer 3

• Viral nucleic acid is transcribed into mRNA (if DNA)
• Viral mRNA is translated into viral proteins
• New viral proteins inhibits the host’s synthetic mechanism and normal host activity
• New viral nucleic acid copies are produced
• New viral capsids are produced

Question 4

How do enveloped and non-enveloped viruses exit the infected cell?

Answer 4

• Enveloped viruses bud through cell membrane

- Non-enveloped viruses wait for a viral enzyme to lysis the cell wall.

Question 5

What growth conditions are required for virus replication?

Answer 5

Living host (cell culture, embryonated egg), 2 days to 4 weeks depending on the virus

Question 6

State the means of locomotion for the different types of protozoa.

Answer 6

• Amoebae – pseudopodia
• Flagellates – flagella
• Ciliates – cilia
• Apicomplexans (Sporozoans) – non-motile in mature forms

Question 7

What are the characteristics of the major morphologic stages of protozoa?

Answer 7

• Trophozoite stage – active, vegetative, motile, feeding stage.
• Cyst stage – non-motile, dormant, non-feeding stage.

Question 8

Describe the major characteristics of Trematodes (size, shape/appearance, reproduction, etc.).

Answer 8

• 500 um to 60 mm
• one body part, non-segmented; leaf shape
• mouth, esophagus, and caeca, but no anus
• most are monoecious

Question 9

Describe the major characteristics of Cestodes (size, shape/appearance, reproduction, etc.)

Answer 9

• 2 mm to over 12 M
• multiple body parts, segmented
• no alimentary tract
• monoecious

Question 10

Describe the major characteristics of Nematodes (size, shape/appearance, reproduction, etc.)

Answer 10

• 300um to over 1 meter
• unsegmented and cylindrical, body surface may be wrinkled
• complete alimentary tract
• dioecious (copulation)

Question 11

Cells which are about 1.2 µm in diameter, grow on routine culture media, and reproduce by binary fission are known as ________________.

Answer 11

Bacillus spp.

Question 12

A microbe which consists of segmented body parts and is about 50 mm in length is most likely _______________.

Answer 12

Cestode

Question 13

A microbe which reproduces only when it is inside a living “host” cell is most likely __________________.

Answer 13

Virus

Question 14

Which type of bacteria has the most peptidoglycan in its cell wall?

Answer 14

“Typical” gram positive bacteria

Question 15

“Typical” bacteria can be differentiated from “Atypical” bacteria by

Answer 15

Ability to grow or not grow on routine culture media

Question 16

Which of the groups of flatworms is leaf shaped and non-segmented?

Answer 16

Trematodes

Question 17

Which protozoa stage is responsible for major pathological conditions in a host?

Answer 17

The Trophozoite stage

Question 18

Viruses grow well on routine culture media. T/F

Answer 18

False, they need living host

Question 19

What is protected by a cyst wall and able to survive adverse conditions?

Answer 19

A protozoa in the cyst stage

Question 20

Viruses are multicellular organisms which are obligate intracellular parasites T/F

Answer 20

False, viruses are not multicellular

Question 21

What is the capsule of certain bacteria cells, also known as?

Answer 21

Glycocalyx or slime layer