Anemia II

Question 1

What are sideroblastic anemias?

Answer 1

a rare group of congenital or acquired disorders

Question 2

Name the 7 underproduction anemias.

Answer 2

1) infection
2) inflammation
3) malignant disease
4) renal insufficiency
5) endocrine disorders
6) lead poisoning
7) malnutrition

Question 3

In _____, TNF decreases iron availability from stores and decreases production of EPO, and INF-β inhibits erythropoiesis.

Answer 3

malignancies and sepsis

Question 4

In malignancies and sepsis, ____ decreases iron availability from stores and decreases production of EPO, and ____ inhibits erythropoiesis.

Answer 4

TNF; INF-β

Question 5

In malignancies and sepsis, TNF decreases _____ and ______, and INF-β inhibits _____.

Answer 5

iron availability from stores; decreases production of EPO; erythropoiesis

Question 6

In ______, IL-1 diminishes iron mobilization and EPO production, and INF-γ inhibits proliferation of erythroid precursors.

Answer 6

chronic infection or inflammation

Question 7

In chronic infection or inflammation, ___ diminishes iron mobilization and EPO production, and ____ inhibits
proliferation of erythroid precursors.

Answer 7

IL-1; INF-γ

Question 8

In chronic infection or inflammation, IL-1 diminishes iron _____, and INF-γ inhibits ______.

Answer 8

mobilization and EPO production; proliferation of erythroid precursors

Question 9

With _____, the lack of EPO causes anemia.

Answer 9

renal insufficiency

Question 10

With renal insufficiency, the lack of ____ causes anemia.

Answer 10

EPO

Question 11

In lead intoxication, lead inhibits synthesis of _____ and the enzyme that ______.

Answer 11

protoporphyrin; ligates iron to the porphyrin ring

Question 12

In _____, lead inhibits synthesis of protoporphyrin and the enzyme that ligates iron to the porphyrin ring.

Answer 12

lead intoxication

Question 13

What is the treatment for lead intoxication?

Answer 13

chelation therapy

Question 14

Chelation therapy is the treatment for ____.

Answer 14

lead intoxication

Question 15

What is the treatment for anemia caused by renal insufficiency?

Answer 15

EPO

Question 16

What is the treatment for anemia caused by endocrine disorders?

Answer 16

HRT

Question 17

What is Methyltetrahydrofolate?

Answer 17

an essential cofactor in the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine in hematopoesis

Question 18

__________ is a metabolite of folic acid.

Answer 18

Methyltetrahydrofolate

Question 19

Methyltetrahydrofolate is a metabolite of ____.

Answer 19

folic acid

Question 20

What is the protein carrier of vitamin B12?

Answer 20

intrinsic factor (IF)

Question 21

Where is vitamin B12 absorbed?

Answer 21

in the terminal ileum

Question 22

Where is vitamin B12 stored?

Answer 22

in the liver

Question 23

What is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 23

pernicious anemia

Question 24

What happens in pernicious anemia?

Answer 24

autoimmune destruction of IF-producing parietal cells

Question 25

Where is folate absorbed?

Answer 25

the jejunum

Question 26

How is folate stored and where?

Answer 26

as methyltetrahydrofolate in the liver

Question 27

What is the most common cause of folate deficiency?

Answer 27

inadequate dietary intake

Question 28

Both _____ and ______ result in megaloblastic anemia.

Answer 28

folic acid; vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 29

Both folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiency result in _____.

Answer 29

megaloblastic anemia

Question 30

What is the time of onset of folate deficiency?

Answer 30

within weeks

Question 31

What is the time of onset of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Answer 31

several months

Question 32

In the bone marrow, ______ leads to an alteration of the myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio.

Answer 32

erythroid hyperplasia

Question 33

In the bone marrow, erythroid hyperplasia leads to an alteration of the _____.

Answer 33

myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio