W3 L5 Psyc 412

Question 0

Types of observation

Answer 0

Naturalistic observation

Struxtured observation:
Eg. Provocation

Readability?
Labour intensive, external validity/generalizability, observer presence may change Behaviour. Not so with young children. (Below 10)
Hard to see uncommon behaviour, physical agression.relational agression. “Wireless mic”

Question 1

Using data from multiple informants

Answer 1

People see other ppl differently.
Depends on context too.

Combining ratings,
“Or rule” given symptom is present if any informant says is it.
“And rule” only if ALL informants agree. (More restrictive)
Can also be used for diagnosis.

But do not capture fact, differences between informants is valuable, not just an anomaly.
Diagnosis by teacher/parent often differ

Maintin going ratings seperately?

Of course all of this rely on an external report. So direct observation may be necessary, difficukt for parents to say smnthing is normative.
Eg.
Tantrums hard to draw the line.
Moodiness in adolescence.

Observation lets us se circumstances! Antecedents and consequences.

Question 2

Summary

Answer 2

Standardized approaches yield more valid reliable info
Clinicians do not typically use this.

Focus clinically is on brevity!
Rating scales might be enough. Diagnostic battery may not have valuable info .
Hope for normative correction of behaviour without intervention, if continues then seek help.

Question 3

IS ADHD REAL?

Answer 3

Unrealistic expectations is argued, which holds some truth. Non normative ideals.
Also billion dollar adhd industry. Capitalist motive,
BUT
IT IS REAL!!!
Similar across world! Not a western phenomenon, Ritalin though more common use in America,
ADHD is associate with significant difficulties. Friends, and shorter li expectancy (due to accidents eap in car)

Danger
Combined with parents strain on rela.

Question 4

Core characteristics of ADHD

Answer 4

Inattention
An hyperactivity impulsivity

Careless mistakes in work, often doesn’t seem to listen when spoken to directly,
Difficult in ordering, and avoid sustained attention like reading, performing avoidant behaviour like forgetting things

Always moving, climbing, excessive talking, blurts out answers, can’t inhibit. Will not wait turn.

Question 5

ADHD pi

Answer 5

Primary inattentive

Learn the book!

Age 17 and older fewer

Hi,

C
Combined

Symptoms must be for more than 6 months ie. Chronic.
Might be too brief for under 5

Persistence, impairment, non-normative.

Several symptoms must have presented before 12.

Several symptoms have to be present in at least two settings, like home and school.

Tratis it as categorical, but attentiveness and inattentive ss is a dimension. Difference of degree not kind.

Question 6

Assessing ashd

Answer 6

Rating scales or interview,
Teacher! and parent reports.

Need first hand observation of what is happening at school.
Teachers have more kid experience,
School better at testing sustained attention.

Self reports in young is unreliable, and even for older they underreport.
Implication of frontal lobe difference that impair personal observant. Seld awareness.
Strong emphasis on observable signs.

Question 7

Combining reports

Answer 7

Situational vs pervasive
Not formal diagnosis, nor in dsm, but research based.

Sit.
Identified by parent or teacher.
Pervasive means identified by both ppl.
Research does not show yet to that pervasive is more severe.

Parent endorsed by parent may be different by that endorsed by teacher. Oppositional defiant disorder might be more appropriate, if not happening at school esp.

Categorizing depends on combination (and or rules)
Pi ph often for or rule. For parent or teacher independantly.
C usually results when combined using or rule. Rsp. Or combined symptom rule.