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history > Middle Ages Keywords > Flashcards

Middle Ages Keywords Flashcards

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0
Q

Feudal system

A

The feudal system was how society was organised in the Middle Ages.

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1
Q

Middle Ages/Medieval Period

A

A time from about AD 500 to about 1500 is called the Middle Ages or the Medieval period.It was between the the end of the Roman Empire and what we call modern times.

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2
Q

Demesne

A

The king owned all the land.But he could not control or farm it all himself so he gave some to his followers.He kept about a quarter of the land for his own use.

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3
Q

Vassals

A

The Kings followers were called vassals. Some vassals were lords with titles such as earl or count.Others were Bishops or abbots.

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4
Q

Knight

A

Knights were soldiers who rode into battle on horseback and fought for their lords.

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5
Q

Serf

A

A person who belonged to the Lord and farmed his land.

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6
Q

Freeman

A

A man who paid rent and tax to the Lord but could travel and marry as he pleased.

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7
Q

Manor

A

There were usually twenty to thirty houses in a village. The peasants farmed the land around the village,which was divided into three big fields.

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8
Q

Tithe

A

In the centre of the village is the church.The priest lived in a house beside it. He said mass for the peasants on Sunday,baptised and buried them. They paid him by giving him one-tenth of their crops.

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9
Q

Commons

A

It was a big meadow and all the animals belonging to the peasants grazed on the commons.

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10
Q

Open-Field system

A

The peasants farmed using this method.The land of the manor was divided into two parts.One big part was called the commons,all the animals belonged there.The other part was where the crops grew.

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11
Q

Pottage

A

A vegetable soup with oatmeal.

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12
Q

Bailiff

A

Made sure peasants paid rent and taxes

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13
Q

Motte and Bailey

A

A castle considering a fort on a motte surrounded by a Bailey

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14
Q

Moat

A

A deep wide ditch surrounding a castle,fort or town, typically filled with water

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15
Q

Keep

A

Main building in the castle.The Lord and lady and some soilders lived.The windows were narrow slits which made it difficult for enemies to attack.

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16
Q

Battlements

A

At the top of the keep. Soilders kept guard on the battlements,watching for an enemy.

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17
Q

Curtain walls

A

Outer walls of the castle.

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18
Q

Turrets

A

Strong towers along the walls.

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19
Q

Drawbridge

A

Raised at night or if an enemy approached.

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20
Q

Portcullis

A

An iron grille that could be lowered in front of the castle gate.

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21
Q

Ramparts

A

Ran along the top of the wall. Was wide enough for the Soldiers to walk along

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22
Q

Latrines

A

The toilets of the castle. The were normally at the side of one of the castles in the keep.

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23
Q

Fallow

A

Was a crop that was grown in the south field.

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24
Q

Sanctuary

A

Was when a bailiff could not arrest someone because they would hide in a church.

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25
Q

Trenches

A

A big piece of bread used to hold food.

26
Q

Wimple

A

A cloth headdress covering the head,neck and side of the face.

27
Q

Hawking

A

Hunting with trained birds of prey.

28
Q

Jousting

A

Medieval pastime.

29
Q

Dowry

A

Money or goods that a woman’s family gave to her husband when they got married.

30
Q

Page

A

The first stage of becoming a Knight,usually at seven.

31
Q

Squire

A

When a boy was fourteen he became a squire. He learned to ride horseback and use a sword.

32
Q

Dubbing

A

The ceremony at where the squire became a knight.

33
Q

Chivalry

A

A code of honour that a knight should be brave,love God and protect women and children.

34
Q

Toll

A

A tax that traders had to pay at the town’s gates.

35
Q

Curfew

A

The time when all fires had to be out in the town.

36
Q

Leprosy

A

A common disease when sores broke out all over a persons body.

37
Q

Black Death

A

The disease that was caused by fleas on the black rat.

38
Q

Charter

A

A legal document granted by the king the allowed people to run their own towns.

39
Q

Guild

A

An organisation that every craftsperson had to belong to.Each guild controlled its own craft.

40
Q

Crop rotation

A

Was when they switch what crops grew every year to avoid diseases.

41
Q

Apprentice

A

At twelve he became a apprentice,for seven years he lived with in the house of a master craftsman to learn the trade.He also worked for free.

42
Q

Journeyman

A

The second step to become a master craftsman.After seven years the apprentice became a journeyman.He now was paid for his work.

43
Q

Master craftsman

A

To become a master craftsman he had to produce a “masterpiece”.Then he could have his own workshop and sell his goods in the town.Along with the masterpiece,the man had to give a large payment to the guild.

44
Q

Romanesque

A

The first stone churches were built in a style called the Romanesque.

45
Q

Gothic

A

Gothic cathedral’s would usually have towers and spires. The arches and over the windows and doors are pointed.

46
Q

Flying buttresses

A

These are the arches on the outside to support the weight of the roof.

47
Q

Dormitory

A

Where the monks slept.

48
Q

Refectory

A

Where the monks ate their meals.

49
Q

Cloister

A

Where the monks walked and prayed.

50
Q

Scriptorium

A

Where they copied manuscripts.

51
Q

Infirmary

A

Where the sick were nursed.

52
Q

Chapter house

A

Where the monks met to discuss the business of the monastery and elect the abbot.

53
Q

Novice

A

When a boy joined a monastery he was called a novice.

54
Q

Tonsure

A

This was a bald patch in the middle of his head.

55
Q

Matins

A

Monks get out of bed at 3am to sing matins (morning prayer).

56
Q

Vespers

A

Evening prayers usually at 5pm.

57
Q

Compline

A

At 8pm the night prayer is said then they retire to bed.

58
Q

Abbot

A

Was the head of the monastery and was elected by the monks.

59
Q

Prior

A

When he was away on business his place was taken by the prior.

60
Q

Almoner

A

Looked after the poor when they visited.

61
Q

Hosteller

A

Looked after travellers.

62
Q

Friar

A

A different kind of monk. Friars travelled from place to place,working with the poor. One group of Friars was called the Franciscans after its founder, St Francis of Assisi.

history (11 decks)

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