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Microbiology Block 1 > DNA enveloped viruses > Flashcards

DNA enveloped viruses Flashcards

1
Q

the herpes virus family is what type of nucleic acid?

A

double stranded DNA

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2
Q

what 3 characteristics determine the herpes family biology?

A

1) dsDNA
2) Icosahedral capsid
3) enveloped

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3
Q

all herpes viruses encode this protein first in order to replicate.

A

reverse transcriptase

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4
Q

what kind of infections does herpes viruses (all) cause?

A

lytic, persistent and latent infections

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5
Q

what are the two ways the herpes virus family replicates during infection?

A

1) actively
2) latent

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6
Q

in an active infection, what causes the symptoms?

A

cell lysis and cell mediated immunity

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7
Q

what cell mediated immune response cell will lead to symptoms seen in active infection?

A

natural killer cells

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8
Q

active infection will cause what cellular changes in the infected cell?

A

syncytia and inclusion body formation

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9
Q

What herpes family viruses (3) will remain latent in neurons?

A

herpes simplex virus 1

herpes simplex virus 2

varicella

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10
Q

what herpes family viruses will remain latent in hematopoietic stem cells?

A

cytomegalovirus

human herpes virus 6

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11
Q

what 2 herpes family viruses will remain latent in B cells?

A

1) epstein-bar virus
2) kaposi sarcoma

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12
Q

against what herpes family viruses do we have an inherent immunity? (antibodies against)

A

human herpes virus 6 and human herpes virus 7

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13
Q

how is herpes simple virus 1 spread?

A

through direct contact of fluid

mixing and matching of mucous membranes

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14
Q

how does varicella spread?

A

aerosol and direct contact with fluid

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15
Q

how does CMV spread?

A

aerosol

sexual contact

parental transmission

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16
Q

what is the biology of the herpes simplex virus?

A

it is an enveloped double stranded DNA virus

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17
Q

what protein does herpes simplex virus always have?

A

DNA polymerase

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18
Q

what cells will herpes simplex virus 1 target to remain latent?

A

trigeminal ganglia

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19
Q

what cells will herpes simplex virus 2 target?

A

sacral ganglia

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20
Q

what clinical presentation must be present to diagnose herpes simplex virus 1?

A

fever

painful vesicular lesions (cold sores)

herpetic keratitis

herpetic whitlow

herpetic gladiatorum

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21
Q

how is the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus confirmed?

A

histological finding- cowdry type A intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion

syncytia

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22
Q

how do you treat herpes simplex virus?

A

acyclovir

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23
Q

what is the primary receptor and on what cell for the herpes simplex virus 1?

A

heparin is the receptor on mucosa-epithelial cells

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24
Q

what is the secondary effect of herpes simplex virus 1?

A

virus replicates in trigeminal nerve

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25
Q

what cell does herpes simplex virus 2 attack during the active infection?

A

epithelial cells

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26
Q

where does herpes simplex virus 2 remain latent?

A

sacral ganglion

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27
Q

what triggers recurrent infection of herpes simplex 1 and 2?

A

reduced immunity

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28
Q

what two components of immunity will help maintain herpes simplex 1 and 2 latent?

A

INF-alpha

Th 1 cells

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29
Q

what 3 immune cells help control herpes simplex virus during the active infection?

A

NK cells

Th 1 cells

CTL’s

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30
Q

what will reduce the flare up of herpes simplex virus 1 and 2?

A

memory CTL’s

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31
Q

what type of herpes will cause this? what is this called?

A

herpes simplex virus 1

herpetic vesicular lesion

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32
Q

what is herpes labialis?

A

its a cold sore in the mouth or lips that presents without fever

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33
Q

what virus causes herpes pharyingitis?

A

herpes simplex

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34
Q

what is a rare complication of herpes simplex?

A

herpes meningo-encephalitis

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35
Q

what risk does meningo-encephalitis have?

A

high risk of death

36
Q

what will be seen in meningo-encephalitis?

A

temporal lobe destruction

37
Q

how do you confirm meningo-encephalitis caused by herpes simplex?

A

erythrocytes in the CSF

38
Q

what is herpetic keratitis caused by?

A

herpes simplex 1

39
Q

what is very important about herpetic keratitis from herpes simplex 1?

A

it is the most common cause of infectious corneal blindness

40
Q

how many eyes will be affected by herpetic keratitis from herpes simplex 1?

A

1 eye

41
Q

what is seen in herpetic keratitis by herpes simplex 1?

A

permanent scarring of cornea

blindness

42
Q

where will herpes simplex 2 lesions occur in the body?

A

will be seen genitally

43
Q

what is this?

A

herpes simplex 2

genital lesions

44
Q

what is this?

A

herpes simplex 2

genital lesions

45
Q

what type of herpes simplex will neonates contract?

A

herpes simplex type 2

46
Q

how will neonate contract herpes simplex type 2?

A

by being born vaginally with HSV 2 positive mom

47
Q

what is this?

A

herpetic whitlow

48
Q

what is this?

A

herpes gladiatorum

49
Q

where does herpetic whitlow occur?

A

in the finger

50
Q

how does herpetic whitelow happen?

A

when someone has a cut and touches a person with herpes simples virus

51
Q

where does herpes gladiatorum happen in the body?

A

around the body

52
Q

who most often gets herpes gladiatorum caused by herpes simplex?

A

wrestlers or rugby players

53
Q

herpes simplex can cause this is children

A

eczema herpeticum

54
Q

when do kids acquire eczema herpeticum?

what causes it to spread?

A

when kids already have active eczema

the very eczema causes the spread

55
Q

what cells does varicella target?

A

respiratory epithelial cells

56
Q
A
57
Q

what cells does varicella use to remain latent?

A

nerve cells

58
Q

what cells does varicella use to spread throughout the body?

A

T cells

59
Q

what cells does varicella use for lytic infection?

A

skin epithelial cells

60
Q

what is the biology of varicella zoster?

A

enveloped double stranded DNA

61
Q

what protein does varicella zoster have?

A

DNA polymerase

62
Q

how do you treat vericella zoster?

A

acyclovir

63
Q

what cells does varicella zoster target?

A

epithelial cells

64
Q

what cells does varicella zoster use to remain latent?

A

in nerves of dorsal ganglia

65
Q

what prevention can be taken against varicella zoster?

A

live attenuated vaccine

66
Q

how is a diagnosis of varicella zoster confirmed?

A

checking histologically for Cowdry Type A intranuclear inclusions

also syncytia

67
Q

what is the clinical presentation of varicella zoster?

A

fever

respiratory symptoms with painful vesicular lesion

68
Q

what is the primary type of infection that happens with varicella zoster?

A

chicken pox

69
Q

how do you identify chicken pox?

A

it is asymptomatic pruritic rash

vesicular lesions from the trunk to the scalp (distinct)

70
Q

what is the secondary type of infection that varicella zoster causes?

A

shingles

71
Q

how do you identify shingles?

A

vesicular lesions in the form of a belt that are extremely painful

72
Q

chicken pox will occur on children or adults?

A

children

73
Q

shingles will occur on children or adults?

A

adults

74
Q

how does chicken pox spread?

how infectious is it?

A

through aerosol or direct contact

highly infectious

75
Q

why does shingles occur?

A

it is reactivation of the varicella virus due to immunosuppresion

76
Q
A
77
Q

where does shingles rash occur?

A

in the trunk

78
Q

why is shingles rash painful?

A

due to nerve damage

79
Q

what cell does varicella use to spread throughout the body?

A

T cells

80
Q

does varicella have a viremia stage?

A

yes

81
Q

what virus causes this?

A

chicken pox

82
Q

what virus causes this?

A

herpes zoster “shingles”

83
Q

what happens if you have varicella zoster and are immunocompromised?

A

Reye-syndrome

post-herpetic neuralgia

Ramsay-Hunt syndrome

84
Q

what procedure detects syncytia multinucleated giant cells?

A

Tzanck smear

85
Q

what is seen here?

A

syncytia

86
Q

inclusion bodie with a halo are what type of inclusion bodies?

A

cowdry type A

87
Q
A

Microbiology Block 1 (16 decks)

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