Unit 29: Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Infancy Flashcards
1
Q
Low birth weight:
Preterm:
A
< 5.5 pounds
< 37 weeks of pregnancy
Infants weighing 7 3/4 - 8 3/4 are least likely to die in their first year
2
Q
Critical time period:
A
- Cannot correct for deficiencies
* Most intense during 1st trimester
3
Q
Central nervous system and heart begin developing:
A
- First, approx 2 weeks
4
Q
Fetal Origins Hypothesis
A
- Women exposed to famine during pregnancy were more like to have offspring which were diabetic and obese and have a lower birth weight
5
Q
Low maternal energy intake in the last months of pregnancy:
A
- Hinder growth of cells that produce insulin: diabetes
6
Q
Weight gain:
Twins:
A
- 35-45 pounds
7
Q
Nutrition during pregnancy:
Calories
A
1st trimester: 0 kcal/d
2nd trimester: 340 kcal/day
3rd trimester: 450 kcal/day
8
Q
Folate
A
- Associated with fetal growth failure and malformations and neural tube defects
- Neural tubes form 30 days after conception
- 600 micrograms of folate is needed before and during pregnancy
9
Q
Vitamin A
A
- Too little associated with poor fetal growth
- Too much fetal malformation
- 5000 IU / day
10
Q
Calcium
A
- Fetus has as much as needed from mothers bones and diet
- Mineralization of bones in fetus
- Uptake higher during 3rd trimester
11
Q
Vitamin D
A
- Lack compromises fetal growth and development
- Vegans more at risk
- 5ug / 200 IU recommended
12
Q
Iron
A
- Increase hemoglobin production and storage by the infant
* 30 mg iron recommended
13
Q
EPA and DHA
A
- Fetal development
* 300 mg recommended
14
Q
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A
- Heavy drinking in the first half of pregnancy associated with malformed, small, mentally impaired children
- Second half les malformed, still likely to be small and suffer metal abnormalities
- Permanent condition
15
Q
Nausea:
A
- Get up slowly
- Eat dry toast or crackers, chew gum or hard candies
- Eat smaller more frequent meals
- Avoid offensive odours
- Don’t drink citrus juice, water, milk, coffee, or tea
