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CMBM Exam 4 CL > Acute & Chronic Inflammation (Daniels) > Flashcards

Acute & Chronic Inflammation (Daniels) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 purposes of inflammation?

A

Contain, neutralize, remove

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2
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Defensive host response to foreign invaders and necrotic tissue that is also capable of causing tissue damage itself.

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3
Q

What are the 3 elements at play in inflammation?

A

Blood vessels, cells, humoral factors

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4
Q

What are the 5 events involving blood vessels during inflammation?

A 
Transient vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Blood stasis
Increased venule permeability
Edema
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5
Q

What are the 2 events involving cells during inflammation?

A

Protein exits vessels (dec. IV osmotic pressure, inc. IV hydrostatic pressure)
Endothelial gaps form at intercellular junctions (immediate transient response)

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6
Q

What humoral factors are involved during inflammation?

A

Histamine (gaps), bradykinin, leukotrienes, substance P

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7
Q

Which kind of inflammation is a localized protective response elicited by injury or destruction of tissues, serving to destroy, dilute, or wall off both the injurous agent and injured tissue?

A

Acute inflammation

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8
Q

What kind of infiltrate will you encounter with acute inflammation?

A

Mainly neutrophils

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9
Q

What stimulates acute inflammation?

A

Infections - bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic
Microbial toxins
Tissue necrosis - ischemia, trauma, physical/chemical injury
Foreign bodies
Immune reactions (hypersensitivity)

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10
Q

What are the main components of acute inflammation?

A

Vasodilation
Vascular leakage & edema
Leukocyte emigration to extravascular tissues

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11
Q

Which kind of inflammation is of prolonged duration (weeks or months) and has active inflammation, tissue destruction, and attempts at repair happening simultaneously?

A

Chronic inflammation

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12
Q

What stimulates chronic inflammation?

A 
Persistent infections (AFB, fungi, treponemes)
Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents
Autoimmunity
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13
Q

What kind of infiltrate will you encounter with chronic inflammation?

A

Mononuclear cells - macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

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14
Q

What are characteristics of chronic inflammation?

A

Mononuclear cell infiltrate - especially macrophages
Tissue destruction
Repair involving angiogenesis and fibrosis

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15
Q

What are key macrophage events in chronic inflammation?

A

Recruitment from circulation
Local proliferation
Immobilization
Differentiation

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16
Q

Macrophages have specific names when they come from specific parts of the body. What are these names, and what part of the body do these cells come from?

A

Brain - microglia
Liver - Kupffer
Lung - alveolar macrophage
Bone - osteoclast

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17
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation?

A 
Heat/Calor
Redness/Rubor
Swelling/Tumor
Pain/Dolar
Loss of function/Funtio laesa
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18
Q

What event happens at each cardinal sign of inflammation?

A 
Calor - vasodilation
Rubor - vasodilation
Tumor - vascular permeability
Dolar - mediator release/PMNs
Functio laesa - loss of function
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19
Q

An abnormal excess accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissue or in a serous cavity.

A

Edema

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20
Q

Excess blood in a body part (as from an increased flow of blood due to vasodilation)

A

Hyperemia

21
Q

A break in skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue, disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue, and often pus.

A

Ulcer

22
Q

Any class of immunoregulatory proteins (e.g. inerleukin, TNF, interferon) that is secreted by cells especially of the immune system.

A

Cytokines

23
Q

Orientation or movement of an organism or cell in relation to chemical agents.

A

Chemotaxis

24
Q

Passage of blood cells through capillary walls into the tissues.

A

Emigration/Diapedesis

25
Q

Act or process of forming a margin, specifically the adhesion of white blood cells to the walls of damaged blood vessels.

A

Margination

26
Q

Process of modifying (as a bacterium) by the action of opsonins.

A

Opsonization

27
Q

Lining of leukocytes in the endothelium in a tightly packed formation.

A

Pavementing

28
Q

Engulfing and usually the destruction of particulate matter by phagocytes; important bodily defense mechanism against infection by microorganisms and against occlusion of mucous surfaces or tissues by foreign particles and tissue debris.

A

Phagocytosis

29
Q

Passage of serum/other bodily fluid through membrane/tissue surface as a result of a difference in hydrostatic pressure.

A

Transudation

30
Q

Escape of fluid, cells, and cellular debris from blood vessels and their deposition in or on tissue, usually as a result of inflammation.

A

Exudation

31
Q

Large family of chemotactic cytokines which stimulate leukocyte movement.

A

Chemokines

32
Q

Small nodular delimited aggregation of mononuclear inflammatory cells.

A

Granuloma

33
Q

Composed of granulomas.

A

Granulomatous

34
Q

Condition characterized by an elevated number of white cells in the blood.

A

Leukocytosis

35
Q

General physical wasting and malnutrition usually associated with chronic disease.

A

Cachexi

36
Q

Any of several hemorrhagic states characterized by patches of purplish discoloration resulting from extravasation of blood into the skin and mucous membranes.

A

Purpura

37
Q

Fluid substance that has passed through a membrane or has been extruded from a tissue.

A

Transudate

38
Q

Fluid with high content of protein and cellular debris which has escaped from blood vessels and has been deposited in tissues or on tissue surfaces, usually as a result of inflammation.

A

Exudate

39
Q

Discharge or escape (e.g. blood) from a vessel into the tissues.

A

Extravasation

40
Q

Escape of a fluid from blood vessels or lymphatics into tissues or a cavity.

A

Effusion

41
Q

Consisting of serum and blood.

A

Serosanguineous

42
Q

Pertaining to or of the nature of fibrin.

A

Fibrinous

43
Q

Containing, discharging, or causing the production of pus.

A

Purulent

44
Q

Forming pus.

A

Suppurative

45
Q

Infection of the lung that can be caused by any class of organism known to cause human infections (e.g. bacteria, amoebae, fungi, parasites).

A

Pneumonia

46
Q

Inflammation of lung tissue.

A

Pneumonitis

47
Q

Inflammation of alveoli.

A

Alveolitis

48
Q

Inflammation of kidney.

A

Nephritis

49
Q

Any kidney disease characterized by purely degenerative lesions of renal tubules.

A

Nephrosis

CMBM Exam 4 CL (17 decks)

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