Terminology

Question 0

Urinary System

Answer 0

ORGANS:
- The kidneys serve as filters of the body
- the urinary bladder is a storage organ.
- The ureters connect the kidneys to the bladder
- The urethra is the exit tube from the body.
FUNCTION:
- rids the body of nitrogenous wastes
- adjusts the chemical balance of body fluids
- maintains blood volume.

Question 1

Reproductive System

Answer 1

Main organs:
- The gonads (testes and ovaries)
- contain the sex-producing cells of the body
Accessory Organs: the uterus, vagina, penis, and seminal vesicles
- play a part in the transport of the sex cells and the development of the fetus.

Question 2

Nervous system

Answer 2

ORGANS:
- brain 
- spinal cord 
- many nerves. 
FUNCTION:
- coordinates body regions
- interprets environmental cues
- integrates information.

Question 3

Muscular system

Answer 3

ORGANS:
Individual muscles 
FUNCTION:
- Muscles move and strengthen joints
- generate heat
- serve other functions, such as abdominal compression.

Question 4

Respiratory system

Answer 4

ORGANS:
The nose
- larynx
- trachea
- lungs  
FUNCTION:
- Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the air.

Question 5

Skeletal system

Answer 5

ORGANS:
Bones (with blood vessels and nerves found in each one)
FUNCTION:
- Supports the body
- protects delicate organs
- produces blood.

Question 6

Lymphatic system

Answer 6

ORGANS:
- lymph nodes
- spleen
- thymus
- tonsils
FUNCTION:
- Protect the body from foreign particles, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. 

Cells from this system make up the immune system. The immune system is not an organ system but a functional system consisting of an assemblage of cells that defend the body.

Question 7

Integumentary system

Answer 7

ORGANS:
Skin

ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES:

• hair follicles
• hair
• nails
• glands of the skin.

FUNCTION:

• The skin protects the body against microorganisms
• keep it from drying out
• produces vitamin D.

Question 8

Digestive system

Answer 8

ORGANS:
- The mouth
- esophagus
- stomach
- intestines
- liver 
FUNCTION:
- provides nutrients and water to the body.

Question 9

Cardiovascular system

Answer 9

ORGANS:
- heart: pump of the system
- blood
- blood vessels: delivery and return portion
- sometimes included with the lymphatic system as the circulatory system
FUNCTION:
- primarily involved in transporting oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other materials throughout the body.

Question 10

Anatomical position

Answer 10

In this position, the body is upright, facing forward, arms and legs straight, palms facing forward, feet flat on the ground, and eyes open.

Question 11

Superior

Answer 11

Above

Example: The nose is superior to the chin.

Question 12

Inferior

Answer 12

Below

Example: The stomach is inferior to the head.

Question 13

Medial

Answer 13

Toward the midline.

Example: the sternum is medial to the shoulders.

Question 14

Lateral

Answer 14

Toward the side.

Example: The ears are lateral to the nose.

Question 15

Superficial

Answer 15

Toward the surface.

Example: The skin is superficial to the heart.

Question 16

Deep

Answer 16

Toward the core.

Example: The lungs are deep to the ribs.

Question 17

Ventral (or anterior)

Answer 17

To the front.

Example: The toes are ventral/anterior to the heel.

Question 18

Dorsal (or posterior)

Answer 18

To the back.

Example: The spine is dorsal/posterior to the sternum.

Question 19

Proximal

Answer 19

1. For extremities, meaning near the trunk.
2. Refers to regions closer to the mouth.

Example: The elbow is proximal to the wrist.

Question 20

Distal

Answer 20

1. For extremities, meaning away from the trunk.
2. Reference to regions closer to the anus.

Example: The toes are distal to the knee.