3.3 Crop Protection Flashcards
(19 cards)
What reduces productivity in crop plants?
Weeds competing with crop plants
Other pests and diseases damaging crop plants
What are the properties of annual weeds?
Rapid growth
Short lifecycle
High seed output
Long term seed viability
What are the properties of perennial weeds (with competitive adaptations)?
Storage organs
Vegetative reproduction
What are the kind of crop plant pests?
Invertebrate animals, such as insects, nematode worms and molluscs
What causes plant diseases?
Fungi, bacteria or viruses (which are often carried by invertebrates)
What are the cultural methods of controlling weeds, other pests and diseases?
Ploughing
Weeding
Crop rotation
What are the two types of advantages of pesticides?
Selective or Systemic
What are the 5 kinds of pesticides and what do they do?
Herbicides- to kill weeds
Fungicides- to control fungal diseases
Insecticides- to kill insect pests
Molluscicides- to kill mollusc pests
Nematicides- to kill nematode pests
What type of plants do selective herbicides have a greater effect on?
Broad leaved weeds
What is the role of a systemic herbicide?
Spreads through vascular system of plant and prevent regrowth
What systemic pesticides spread through the vascular system of plants to kill the pests feeding on them?
Systemic insecticides, molluscicides and nematicides
What are the disadvantages of pesticides?
Toxicity to the non-target species, persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation or biomagnification in food chains, producing resistant populations of pests
Based on the disease forecast, what is more effective than treating diseased crops?
Applications of fungicide
What is bioaccumulation?
The build-up of a chemical in an organism
What is biomagnification?
An increase in the concentration of a chemical between trophic levels
How can weeds and other pests be controlled?
Biological control and integrated pest management
What is biological control?
The use of a natural predator, pathogen or parasite (control agent) against pests
What is integrated pest management?
A combination of chemical, biological and cultural control
What is are the risks of biological control?
The control organism may become an invasive species, parasite, prey on or be a pathogen of other species
