3.3 Nutrition and energy systems

Question 1

How does the body maintain the supply of ATP?

Answer 1

All systems happen at the same time. Drop out one at a time.

Question 2

Define the term cell respiration

Answer 2

Cell respiration is the controlled release of energy in the form of ATP

Question 3

BE ABLE TO DRAW A DIAGRAM OF A CELL

Answer 3

AND LABEL IT

Question 4

BE ABLE TO DRAW A DIAGRAM OF

Answer 4

THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF A MITOCHONDRION AND LABEL IT

Question 5

SILDING FILAMENT

Answer 5

THEORY

Question 6

Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction

Answer 6

The breakdown of ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) releases a phosphate molecule. Provides energy for muscle contraction. ATP causes the release of the myosin head from the actin filament.

Question 7

Describe the re-synthesis of ATP in the ATP-CP system

Answer 7

1. Used for short explosive movements
2. This system is fuelled by creatine phosphate stored in skeletal muscles
3. 1-2 seconds from ATP followed by 12-13 seconds of explosive exercise - after 15 seconds muscles become fatigued
4. Only byproduct produced from this is heat
5. 2 minutes of restoring and it is ready to be used again - 50% restored in 30 seconds
6. Does not require oxygen (anaerobic)
7. 1 molecule of CP = 1 molecule of ATP

Question 8

Describe the production of ATP by the lactic acid system

Answer 8

It is also known as anaerobic glycolysis
2 ATP molecules produced
Lasts for 45-60 seconds
All-out exercise

Question 9

Describe the production of ATP and it’s fuel systems for the three systems

Answer 9

Both of them work simultaneously but at different speeds
15 seconds of ATP then restored by 3 generators
1. Glycolysis (lactic acid) – uses glucose – by-product pyruvate and NADH (anaerobic)
2. Krebs cycle – uses oxygen – by-product is NADH (aerobic)
3. Electron transport chain – uses oxygen (aerobic)

Question 10

Krebs cycle regarding oxygen and ATP

Answer 10

Produces ATP slower than glycolysis and requires oxygen

Question 11

Explain how adenosine can gain and lose a phosphate molecule

Answer 11

Hydrolysis - using water to remove one of the phosphate groups from ATP
Phosphorylation - the process of re-attaching the phosphate group to ADP

Question 12

ATP-CP: fuel sources, duration, intensity, ATP production, by-products

Answer 12

creatine, 8-12 seconds, high, very quickly 1:1, heat

Question 13

Lactic acid: fuel sources, duration, intensity, ATP production, by-products

Answer 13

glycogen, 30sec - 3min, prolonged high intensity, fast 2:1, lactic acid

Question 14

Aerobic: fuel sources, duration, intensity, ATP production, by-products

Answer 14

protein glycogen fats, 3+ min, low to moderate, slow 34:1, water carbon dioxide

Question 15

EVALUATE THE RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE THREE

Answer 15

ENERGY SYSTEMS DURING DIFFERENT TYPES OF EXERCISE

Question 16

What does EPOC stand for?

Answer 16

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption

Question 17

What does EPOC mean?

Answer 17

the total oxygen consumed after exercise above a pre-exercise baseline level
“taking out loan from a bank, now got to pay it back”

Question 18

What are the four physiological mechanisms that take place during EPOC to facilitate recovery?

Answer 18

1. Replenishment of ATP (fast-4 minutes)
2. Removal of lactic acid (slow-up to 48 hours)
3. Replenishment of myoglobin (attaches to oxygen in the cells) with oxygen (fast-4 minutes)
4. Replenishment of glycogen (slow-up to 48 hours)
   How much rest is enough rest?