Neurobiology of Addiction Flashcards

0
Q

Acute withdrawl from drugs of abuse

A

Increases the reward response; increases anxiety in amygdala

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1
Q

Acute rewarding effects of drug abuse

A

Mediated by dopamine from the nucleus accumbens septi

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2
Q

Compulsive drug use assoc. w/ dependence

A

Loss of reward systems; recruitment of stress pathway in amydala via dynorphins and NE

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3
Q

Major circuits involved w/ addiction

A
  1. Mesolimbic dopamine
  2. Ventral striatum
  3. Ventral striatum- inferior frontal cortex- thalamus circuit
  4. Dorsolateral frontal cortex- inferior frontal cortex- hippocampus
  5. Extended amygdala
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4
Q

Negative effects/withdrawl from drug abuse

A

Extended amygdala sends efferents to GPi and lateral hypothalamus

  • Important control in the pathway regulating the “fear of pain”
  • Also assoc. w/ decreased dopamine (mesolimbic) and 5/HT (nucleus accumbens)
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5
Q

KOPr Addiction Cycle

A
  1. Initial- Dynorphin levels rise as counter-regulatory mechanism to dopaminergic urges
  2. Withdrawl- High dynorphin levels persist; vulnerability to relapse
  3. Relapse- Exacerbated by high dynorphin levels; increased addiction

Overall has an anti-hedonic effect

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6
Q

Largest hurdle in breaking addiction

A

Anticipation/Craving

  • Enhanced sensitivity assoc. w/ environmental clues
  • Changes in neurocircuitry and neuroplasticity due to glutaminergic projections from BLA and PFC
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7
Q

Drug-induced reinstatement

A

Mediated by the nucleus accumbens-prefrontal cortex-ventral pallidum

…via glutamate

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