331 Peds Exam 1

Question 1

Infant 0-1yr Milestone

Answer 1

Think about
* Sitting
* Object Permanence
* Pincer grasp/hand-to-hand transfer
* Crawl: army, creep: up on hands and
* Language progression

Question 2

Infant 0-1yr Milestone - Sitting

Answer 2

Sitting
● 6M w/ support
● 7M tripod sit
● 8M unsupported
● 10M can go sitting from prone to supine

Question 3

Infant 0-1yr Milestone - Object permanence

Answer 3

Object permanence
● 10M- obj still exists after out of vision
● 12M full understanding of object permanence?
● Piaget thinks this shows brain development/growing

Question 4

Infant 0-1yr
Milestones
- Pincer grasp/hand-to-hand transfer

Answer 4

Pincer grasp/hand-to-hand transfer
● 1-3M grasp
● 1M- hand predominantly closed
● 3M desire to grasp voluntary
● 5M- 2 handed voluntary grasp
● 4-6M bring to mouth
● 7M- transfer hand to hand or 8M?
● 8-9 pincer grasp- thumb and forefinger to grasp
● 11-12M REFINED pincer grasp

Question 5

Infant 0-1yr
Milestones - Crawl: army, creep: up on hands and feet

Answer 5

Crawl: army, creep: up on hands and feet
● 4-6M coordinated aim to push
● 6-7M bear all weight on legs
● 8-10M crawl forward belly first
● 9M: pull up on things
● 11M: creep
● 10-12 cruiser
● 12M walks well w/ one handheld
● 15M walk independently

Question 6

Infant 0-1yr
Milestones - Language progression

Answer 6

Language progression
● 2M coos, cry differentiated
● 3-4M consonant sounds, laugh
● 5-6 vocal
● 5-7M vowels
● 8M imitating sounds, combining syllables
● 9-10M understand command
● 12M- 3-5 meaningful words besides mama, papa

Question 7

Infant 0-1yr - Growth

Answer 7

● Weight: 10% initial loss after birth- after 2w back to birth weight. 1oz/day first 6M (double wt, 3x in 1 yr)
○ Limited intake, passage of feces and urine, withdrawal of hormones, loss of excess ECF
● Height: 1 in/month until 6M, increase 50% in 1 yr
● Head circumference: 0.5 in/M first 6M, closure of fontanels (ant 12-18M, post 8w HYDRATION)

Question 8

Infant 0-1yr - Theorist Erikson

Answer 8

trust v mistrust: caregiver sync with baby

Question 9

Infant 0-1yr - Theorist Piaget

Answer 9

sensorimotor: simple reflex to simple receptive acts, learn from others, obj permanence
* birth -1M: reflexive (sucking)
* 1-4M- primary circular reaction (develop habits and lose reflexes
* 4-8M secondary (more purposeful movement
* 9-12M coordinated secondary (association of things, division, and obj permanence)

Question 10

Infant 0-1yr- Toy

Answer 10

more solitary play but enjoys interaction with parents

Question 11

Infant 0-1yr -Reflexes

Answer 11

Well be gone by 6M
● 3-4 M Rooting stroke cheek & turn to bottle
● 4-6M Asymmetrical tonic neck: w/ baby supine, rotate head to one side hold for 15 seconds
○ Arm & leg extend on facial side; arm and leg on other side
● 4M Startle reflex: present loud noise or allow infants head to drop slightly
○ Arms spread & fingers extended & then flexed then arms come toward each other cry is possible

Question 12

Infant 0-1yr - Basic Safety

Answer 12

car seats, supervise walking

Question 13

Toddler 1-3yr - Body Type

Answer 13

Body
* lordosis
* pot belly
* bowed legs
* Open anterior fonts until 12-18M

Question 14

Toddler 1-3yr - Milestone

Answer 14

● 15M walk without help
● 18M throw ball
● 24M runs ok, goes up steps, copies circles
● 3Y pedals, proper stair movement
● 18M feed self decently

Question 15

Toddler 1-3yr - Amount of Cubes Stacked by what month

Answer 15

Can stack
● 2 cubes -15m
● 3-4 - 18m
● 6-7 - 24m

Question 16

Toddler 1-3yr - Play style

Answer 16

Parallel Play
● Play is individual but play next to others, focus on control and gross motor play
● Imitation- dress up, cleaning
● TOYS?

Question 17

Toddler 1-3yr - Speech

Answer 17

● Increased comprehension 65% understanding at 3Y
● 300 words by 2Y, multi word sentences
● Promotion of language

Question 18

Toddler 1-3yr - do we give in to temper tantrum

Answer 18

No, do not give in

Question 19

Toddler 1-3yr - Discipline

Answer 19

Need clear warnings and clear communication on limits on behavior

Question 20

Toddler 1-3yr - Who is their rival

Answer 20

Sibling rivalry- get kid adjusted to newcomer

Question 21

Toddler 1-3yr - Potty training

Answer 21

sphincter control @18-24M, bladder capacity increases @14-18M for 2 hr, psych needs- urge to go and hold, motivation to please parents

Question 22

Toddler 1-3yr - Erikson theory

Answer 22

Autonomy v Shame and doubt: wants to do things for themselves, negativism and ritualism important

Question 23

Toddler 1-3yr - Piaget theory

Answer 23

sensorimotor 0-2 intelligence taking form of
* 13-18M- tertiary circular reaction; apply knowledge and experience to new situations
* Egocentric
* Preoperational phase 3-7Y ego speech and imenism- tables can talk/ objects have feelings

Question 24

Preschooler 3-6y milestone - Motor Development

Answer 24

● 3Y- ride tricycle, broad jump, balance on tiptoe, balance on foot
● 4Y- skip and hop on one foot, catch the ball
● 5Y- throw and catch well, balance on feet, skate, swim refinement

Question 25

Preschooler 3-6y milestone - Fine Motor

Answer 25

● 3y: assemble puzzles, clay, finger paint, and shapes, stack 9 blocks ● 4y: copies cross and square, print letters, table utensils, cut a line ● 5y: hand preference, laces (but cannot tie), grasp pencil, color in lines

Question 26

Preschooler 3-6y milestone - Drawing

Answer 26

● 3y: copy circle, unable to complete stick figure ● 4y: draw stick figure ● 5y: draws several body parts,

Question 27

Preschooler 3-6y - Play

Answer 27

Associated play- in groups without rigid organization or rules

Question 28

Preschooler 3-6y - Erikson theory

Answer 28

initiation v Guilt: try everything, guilt comes with failure * Needs clarification that wishes cannot happen, learn 1st what is appropriate, verbal warning, discipline, exposure to a variety of things

Question 29

Preschooler 3-6y - Piaget Theory

Answer 29

Preconceptual 2-4Y * Intuitive thought 4-7Y play fantasy and imitative, thinking is magical

Question 30

Preschooler 3-6y - Language

Answer 30

2100+ words, 3-4 converse in 3-4 word sentences, 4-5 adverbs use all parts of speech

Question 31

School age 6-12y - Play

Answer 31

Boys and girls separate. Enjoy table games

Question 32

School age 6-12y - Erikson Theory

Answer 32

industry v inferiority: gets skills to help become a contributing member of the community. Personal and interpersonal competencies through technology and social skills- activities, and hobbies

Question 33

School age 6-12y - Piaget Theory

Answer 33

concrete operational- able to use thought to experience events and situations mental operations, rapidly acquire cognitive skills

Question 34

Adolescents 12-18 - Puberty Female

Answer 34

girls get taller first than boys, first 80% start with breast development, then pubic hair, followed by menarche around 2 yrs after the development of breast bud

Question 35

Adolescents 12-18 - Puberty Male

Answer 35

Males get taller later- starts with testicular enlargement 9.5-14Y, pubic hair begins and gynecomastia may occur mid puberty

Question 36

Adolescents 12-18 - Erikson Theory

Answer 36

identity v confusion: accept the body, establish values, and career decisions, and emancipate from parents. Autonomy

Question 37

Adolescents 12-18 - Piaget theory

Answer 37

formal operations 12-15 * Abstract think, develop strategies, symbolically think,

Question 38

Nutrition

Answer 38

●Feed infant ○ Formula and breastmilk until 4-5M ○ Add solids? 1 solid at a time for 5 days to check for allergies. ● Serving size- ● Toddler: physiologic anorexia ● Preschool: don’t eat as much in general- make sure they eat good food ● CHOKING HAZARDS ● Plot height and weight on the growth chart